Comparison of Ablation vs. Antiarrhythmic Drugs for Atrial Fibrillation Treatment

 
DR KRISHNANUNNI G
JR1
DESIGN: 
In a follow-up analysis of the multicenter, randomized EARLY-
AF trial involving patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, the
proportion of patients with progression to persistent atrial fibrillation
after cryoablation was compared with that after the receipt of
antiarrhythmic drug therapy.
INTERVENTION: 
303 patients who had undergone ablation or
received antiarrhythmic drug therapy were followed for at least 3
years; an implantable continuous cardiac rhythm monitor was used to
detect atrial fibrillation events. Data regarding the first episode of
persistent atrial fibrillation and recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia were
collected
EFFICACY:
 During 3 years of follow-up, the incidence of persistent
atrial fibrillation or recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias was lower in the
ablation group than in the antiarrhythmic drug group
SAFETY: 
During follow-up, adverse events, including cardiac events
and stroke, were less common in the ablation group than in the
antiarrhythmic drug group
CONCLUSIONS:
 Patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated
with cryoablation had a lower incidence of persistent atrial fibrillation
or recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias during 3 years of follow-up than
those who had been treated with antiarrhythmic drugs.
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
MOST COMMON SUSTAINED CARDIAC ARRYTHMIA AFTER SINUS
TACHY
CHAOTIC,DISORGANISED ,INEFFECTIVE CONTRACTION
STASIS OF BLOOD-EMBOLISM-STROKE RISK HIGH
NARROW QRS TACHY, HR>100, IRREGULAR RR, NO IDENTIFIABLE
MORPHOLOGICALLY NORMAL P WAVE
ATRIAL RATE 300-600,IMPULSE ORGINATE SOMEWHERE NEAR
PULMONARY VEINS
 
PERMANENT AF-
            LA DIALATED >4 CM ,STRUCTURALLY ABNORMAL HEART
            NOT BASED ON ANY DURATION
            RATE CONTROL ONLY
PAROXYSMAL AF
           TERMINATE WITH IN 48 HRS USUALLY-SELF TERMINATION OR VIA
           CARDIOVERSION
           LESS THAN 7 DAYS
PERSISTANT AF
           GREATER THAN 7 DAYS
           LONG STANDIND PERSISTENT >1 YEAR
 
 
 
VALULAR AF
     MS
     PROSTHETIC MITRAL VALVE
NON VALVUALR AF
ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS
ANY CARDIAC DISEASE
ANY FAST HR
THYROTOXICOSIS
STRUCTURAL LUNG AND HEART DISEASE
OSA
CKD
PSORIASIS
HYPOMAGNESEMIA,HYPOKALEMIA
ALCOHOL-HOLIDAY HEART SYNDROME
 
AGE
SYSTEMIC HTN
COMPLICATIONS
STROKE
AF INCREASES RISK OF STROKE
USUALLY WHEN PT REVERT BACK INTO SINUS RHYTHM
USUALLY FROM LA APPENDAGE
DEMENTIA
HEART FAILURE
TACHYCARDIOMYOPATHY
 
MANGEMENT OF AF
RATE CONTROL OR RHYTHM CONTROL
ANTICOAGULATE OR NOT
WHICH DRUG TO USE
 
ACTE AF-RHYTHM CONTROL FIRST
IN CHRONIC AF-RATE CONTROL=RHYTHM CONTROL
IN HEMODYNAMICALLY STABLE –WE GO FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL
CARDIOVERSION AFTER CONSIDERATION OF THROMBOEMBOLIC RISK
POST CARDIOVERSION ALWAYS START ANTICOAGULATION FOR 3
WEEK ATLEAST,LONG TERM ANTICOAGULATION BASED ON CHADVASC
SCORE
PHARMACOLOGICAL CARDIOVERSION
FLECANIDE –ORAL/IV
PROPAFENONE-ORAL/IV
VERNAKALANT-IV 
        FASTEST ONSET OF ACTION ,MOST  EFFICACIOUS,LEAST
SIDE EFFECT,NON AVAILABILITY,CLASS 3-NA +K BLOCKER,ATRIAL SPECIFIC,WORKS
AT HIGHER HEART RATE
IBUTILIDE-IV  
                 FAST ,EFFECTIVE
AMIODARONE –IV        
IN CASE OF STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASE,LEAST EFFECTIVE
IN ACUTE AF
AF
HEMODYNAMICALLY
UNSTABLE
WPW
HEMODYNAMICALLY
STABLE
PALPITATIONS
CHESTPAIN
FATIGUE
DYSPNOEA
DC
CARDIOVERSION
LESS THAN 48 HRS
MORE THAN 48 HRS/DURATION
UNCERTAIN
ASSUME NO CLOT ,GO
FOR CARDIOVERSION
TEE TO R/O LA CLOT
NO CLOT
CLOT
CV
ANTICOAGULATE FOR 3W
AND REPEAT TEE
AFTER ANTICOAGULATION ANTICOAGULATE FOR 3-4 WEEKS AND
THEN LOOK FOR CHADVASC
ANTICOAGULATION
VKA-ACENOCOUMARIN,WARFARIN
NOAC-DABIGATRAN/APIXABAN/EDOXABAN/RIVAROXABAN
NOAC>VKA
VALVULAR AF-VKA
UFH,LMWH-IN HOSPITAL SETTING
NOAC-RAPIDLY ACTING 1.5 TO  2 HRS
CHADS2VASc SCORE-0 NO ANTICOAGULATION,>/= 2 ANTICOAGULATE
HASBLED SCORE FOR BLEEDING RISK AFTER ANTICOAGULATION
                      CHADS2 VASc SCORE
 
PILL IN THE POCKET STRATEGY
ACUTE,INFREQUENT SYMPTOMATIC AF ,NON VALVULAR
AF,HEMODYNAMICALLY STABLE PT,WALKING IN THE OPD,NO
STRUCTURAL OR ELECTRICAL HEART DISEASE
ORAL B BLOCKER F/B ORAL FLECAINIDE OR PROPAFENONE (AF CAN
ORGANISE BACK INTO ATRIALFLUTTER)
 FIRST  EPISODE SHOULD BE TREATED IN HOSPITAL
PHARMACOLOGICAL CARDIOVERSION
NO NEED FOR ANESTHESIA
PILL IN THE POCKET APPROACH
ALSO AVAILABLE
NEGATIVE INOTROPIC EFFECT
PROARRYTHMIA
TIME CONSUMING
ONLY EFFECTIOVE IF AF OF
SHORT DURATION
THROMBOEMBOLISM RISK
ELECTRICAL CARDIOVERSION
IMMEDIATE EFFECT
HIGHLY EFFECTIVE EVEN IN
LONG LASTING AF
SAFE IN HEMODYNAMICALLY
UNSTABLE PT
THROMOEMBOLISM RISK
TREATMENT FOR PREEXCITED AF
AVRT,WPW
NO ROLE FOR CCB,B BLOCKER,DIGOXIN
HEMODYNAMICALLY UNSTABLE-DC CARDIOVERSION
HEMODYNAMICALLY STABLE-PROCAINAMIDE>IBUTILIDE
IA IC 3
CATHETER ABLATION
 
RATE CONTROL
<110 TARGET
CHRONIC AF RATE CONTROL= RHYTHM CONTROL
LA DIALATION >4 CM
BASED ON EACH INDIVIDUAL,CAN ALWAYS TRY ONE ATTEMPT OF
RHYTHM CONTROL
B BLOCKER DOC
NDHP-CCB-VERAPAMIL,DILTIAZEM
DIGOXIN
AMIODARONE
NON PHARMACOLOGICAL MX OF AF
ATRIAL PACING
CATHETER ABLATION
AV NODAL ABLATION
SURGERY
CRYOABLATION
ABLATE NEAR THE PULMONARY VEINS
ELECTRICAL ISOLATION OF PULMONARY VEINS
BODY OF ATRIUM GOES BACK INTO SINUS RHYTHM
RFA=CRYO
NITROUS OXIDE BALOON AT -40 DEGREE CELSIUS
PAROXYSMAL AF RESPONDS BETTER THAN PERSISTENT AF
REDUCTION OF ARRYTHMIA RELATED SYMPTOMS
INDICATIONS
SYMPTOMATIC AF PATIENTS –FIRST LINE THERAPY
SYMPTOMATIC AF PT-FAILURE OF AAD
AF-MEDIATED TACHYCARDIA INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY
SINUS NODE DYSFUNCTION +AF
COMPLICATIONS
PV STENOSIS
TAMPONADE
THROMBOEMBOLISM
ATRIO ESOPHAGEAL FISTULA
PHRENIC NERVE INJURY
“When the pulse is irregular and tremulous and the beats
occur at intervals,then the impulse of life fades”
                                                         Huang ti nei ching su wen-2600 BC
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In a follow-up analysis of the EARLY-AF trial, patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were studied after cryoablation or antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Results showed lower incidence of persistent atrial fibrillation in the ablation group over 3 years, with fewer adverse events. Atrial fibrillation is described as a common sustained cardiac arrhythmia with high stroke risk. Permanent atrial fibrillation is characterized by dilated left atrium and structurally abnormal heart.

  • Atrial Fibrillation
  • Cryoablation
  • Antiarrhythmic Drugs
  • Cardiac Arrhythmia
  • Stroke Risk

Uploaded on Apr 19, 2024 | 6 Views


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  1. DR KRISHNANUNNI G JR1

  2. DESIGN: In a follow-up analysis of the multicenter, randomized EARLY- AF trial involving patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, the proportion of patients with progression to persistent atrial fibrillation after cryoablation was compared with that after the receipt of antiarrhythmic drug therapy. INTERVENTION: 303 patients who had undergone ablation or received antiarrhythmic drug therapy were followed for at least 3 years; an implantable continuous cardiac rhythm monitor was used to detect atrial fibrillation events. Data regarding the first episode of persistent atrial fibrillation and recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmia were collected

  3. EFFICACY: During 3 years of follow-up, the incidence of persistent atrial fibrillation or recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias was lower in the ablation group than in the antiarrhythmic drug group SAFETY: During follow-up, adverse events, including cardiac events and stroke, were less common in the ablation group than in the antiarrhythmic drug group CONCLUSIONS: Patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated with cryoablation had a lower incidence of persistent atrial fibrillation or recurrent atrial tachyarrhythmias during 3 years of follow-up than those who had been treated with antiarrhythmic drugs.

  4. ATRIAL FIBRILLATION MOST COMMON SUSTAINED CARDIAC ARRYTHMIA AFTER SINUS TACHY CHAOTIC,DISORGANISED ,INEFFECTIVE CONTRACTION STASIS OF BLOOD-EMBOLISM-STROKE RISK HIGH NARROW QRS TACHY, HR>100, IRREGULAR RR, NO IDENTIFIABLE MORPHOLOGICALLY NORMAL P WAVE ATRIAL RATE 300-600,IMPULSE ORGINATE SOMEWHERE NEAR PULMONARY VEINS

  5. PERMANENT AF- LA DIALATED >4 CM ,STRUCTURALLY ABNORMAL HEART NOT BASED ON ANY DURATION RATE CONTROL ONLY PAROXYSMAL AF TERMINATE WITH IN 48 HRS USUALLY-SELF TERMINATION OR VIA CARDIOVERSION LESS THAN 7 DAYS PERSISTANT AF GREATER THAN 7 DAYS LONG STANDIND PERSISTENT >1 YEAR

  6. VALULAR AF MS PROSTHETIC MITRAL VALVE NON VALVUALR AF

  7. ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS ANY CARDIAC DISEASE ANY FAST HR THYROTOXICOSIS STRUCTURAL LUNG AND HEART DISEASE OSA CKD PSORIASIS HYPOMAGNESEMIA,HYPOKALEMIA ALCOHOL-HOLIDAY HEART SYNDROME

  8. AGE SYSTEMIC HTN

  9. COMPLICATIONS STROKE AF INCREASES RISK OF STROKE USUALLY WHEN PT REVERT BACK INTO SINUS RHYTHM USUALLY FROM LA APPENDAGE DEMENTIA HEART FAILURE TACHYCARDIOMYOPATHY

  10. MANGEMENT OF AF RATE CONTROL OR RHYTHM CONTROL WHICH DRUG TO USE ANTICOAGULATE OR NOT

  11. ACTE AF-RHYTHM CONTROL FIRST IN CHRONIC AF-RATE CONTROL=RHYTHM CONTROL IN HEMODYNAMICALLY STABLE WE GO FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL CARDIOVERSION AFTER CONSIDERATION OF THROMBOEMBOLIC RISK POST CARDIOVERSION ALWAYS START ANTICOAGULATION FOR 3 WEEK ATLEAST,LONG TERM ANTICOAGULATION BASED ON CHADVASC SCORE

  12. PHARMACOLOGICAL CARDIOVERSION FLECANIDE ORAL/IV PROPAFENONE-ORAL/IV VERNAKALANT-IV SIDE EFFECT,NON AVAILABILITY,CLASS 3-NA +K BLOCKER,ATRIAL SPECIFIC,WORKS AT HIGHER HEART RATE FASTEST ONSET OF ACTION ,MOST EFFICACIOUS,LEAST IBUTILIDE-IV FAST ,EFFECTIVE AMIODARONE IV IN CASE OF STRUCTURAL HEART DISEASE,LEAST EFFECTIVE IN ACUTE AF

  13. PALPITATIONS CHESTPAIN FATIGUE DYSPNOEA AF HEMODYNAMICALLY UNSTABLE WPW HEMODYNAMICALLY STABLE MORE THAN 48 HRS/DURATION UNCERTAIN LESS THAN 48 HRS DC CARDIOVERSION TEE TO R/O LA CLOT ASSUME NO CLOT ,GO FOR CARDIOVERSION CLOT NO CLOT ANTICOAGULATE FOR 3W AND REPEAT TEE CV AFTER ANTICOAGULATION ANTICOAGULATE FOR 3-4 WEEKS AND THEN LOOK FOR CHADVASC

  14. ANTICOAGULATION VKA-ACENOCOUMARIN,WARFARIN NOAC-DABIGATRAN/APIXABAN/EDOXABAN/RIVAROXABAN NOAC>VKA VALVULAR AF-VKA UFH,LMWH-IN HOSPITAL SETTING NOAC-RAPIDLY ACTING 1.5 TO 2 HRS CHADS2VASc SCORE-0 NO ANTICOAGULATION,>/= 2 ANTICOAGULATE HASBLED SCORE FOR BLEEDING RISK AFTER ANTICOAGULATION

  15. CHADS2 VASc SCORE

  16. PILL IN THE POCKET STRATEGY ACUTE,INFREQUENT SYMPTOMATIC AF ,NON VALVULAR AF,HEMODYNAMICALLY STABLE PT,WALKING IN THE OPD,NO STRUCTURAL OR ELECTRICAL HEART DISEASE ORAL B BLOCKER F/B ORAL FLECAINIDE OR PROPAFENONE (AF CAN ORGANISE BACK INTO ATRIALFLUTTER) FIRST EPISODE SHOULD BE TREATED IN HOSPITAL

  17. PHARMACOLOGICAL CARDIOVERSION ELECTRICAL CARDIOVERSION NO NEED FOR ANESTHESIA PILL IN THE POCKET APPROACH ALSO AVAILABLE NEGATIVE INOTROPIC EFFECT PROARRYTHMIA TIME CONSUMING ONLY EFFECTIOVE IF AF OF SHORT DURATION THROMBOEMBOLISM RISK IMMEDIATE EFFECT HIGHLY EFFECTIVE EVEN IN LONG LASTING AF SAFE IN HEMODYNAMICALLY UNSTABLE PT THROMOEMBOLISM RISK

  18. TREATMENT FOR PREEXCITED AF AVRT,WPW NO ROLE FOR CCB,B BLOCKER,DIGOXIN HEMODYNAMICALLY UNSTABLE-DC CARDIOVERSION HEMODYNAMICALLY STABLE-PROCAINAMIDE>IBUTILIDE IA IC 3 CATHETER ABLATION

  19. RATE CONTROL <110 TARGET CHRONIC AF RATE CONTROL= RHYTHM CONTROL LA DIALATION >4 CM BASED ON EACH INDIVIDUAL,CAN ALWAYS TRY ONE ATTEMPT OF RHYTHM CONTROL B BLOCKER DOC NDHP-CCB-VERAPAMIL,DILTIAZEM DIGOXIN AMIODARONE

  20. NON PHARMACOLOGICAL MX OF AF ATRIAL PACING CATHETER ABLATION AV NODAL ABLATION SURGERY

  21. CRYOABLATION ABLATE NEAR THE PULMONARY VEINS ELECTRICAL ISOLATION OF PULMONARY VEINS BODY OF ATRIUM GOES BACK INTO SINUS RHYTHM RFA=CRYO NITROUS OXIDE BALOON AT -40 DEGREE CELSIUS PAROXYSMAL AF RESPONDS BETTER THAN PERSISTENT AF REDUCTION OF ARRYTHMIA RELATED SYMPTOMS

  22. INDICATIONS SYMPTOMATIC AF PATIENTS FIRST LINE THERAPY SYMPTOMATIC AF PT-FAILURE OF AAD AF-MEDIATED TACHYCARDIA INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY SINUS NODE DYSFUNCTION +AF

  23. COMPLICATIONS PV STENOSIS TAMPONADE THROMBOEMBOLISM ATRIO ESOPHAGEAL FISTULA PHRENIC NERVE INJURY

  24. When the pulse is irregular and tremulous and the beats occur at intervals,then the impulse of life fades Huang ti nei ching su wen-2600 BC THANK YOU THANK YOU

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