Comparative and Superlative Forms of Adjectives
12 Life experiences
1
12A World records
2
Adjectives with one syllable
Usually if an adjective has only one syllable, we add 'er'
to make the comparative form. We add 'est' to make the
superlative form.clean → cleaner / cleanest
cold → colder / coldest
small → smaller / smallest
young → younger / youngest
tall → taller / tallest
Comparatives and Superlatives
3
Comparatives and Superlatives
There are some spelling changes. If there is one vowel
followed by one consonant at the end of the adjective,
we often double the consonant.wet → wetter / wettest
big → bigger / biggest
hot → hotter / hottest
thin → thinner / thinnest
If the adjective ends in 'y', this often changes to 'i'.dry →
drier / driest
If the adjective ends in 'e', we don't add another 'e', just
'r'.nice → nicer / nicest
large → larger / largest
4
Comparatives and Superlatives
There are a few adjectives that we have to use 'more' or
'most' with, even though they only have one syllable.
We CAN'T add 'er' or 'est'.fun → more fun / most fun
(NOT funner / funnest)
real → more real / most real (NOT realer / realest)
right → more right / most right (NOT righter / rightest)
wrong → more wrong / most wrong (NOT wronger /
wrongest)
5
Comparatives and Superlatives
Adjectives with two syllables
For adjectives with two syllables we generally use 'more'
or 'most‘ careful → more careful / most careful
bored → more bored / most bored
But some two syllable adjectives can take 'er' or 'est'.
It's also fine to use 'more' (for the comparative) or
'most' (for the superlative).clever → cleverer / cleverest
simple → simpler / simplest
narrow → narrower / narrowest
quiet → quieter / quietest
6
Comparatives and Superlatives
Adjectives with two syllables that end in 'y' usually can
add 'er' or 'est' (y generally changes to i). It's also fine to
use 'more' or 'most'.dirty → dirtier / dirtiest
pretty → prettier / prettiest
happy → happier / happiest
ugly → uglier / ugliest
7
Comparatives and Superlatives
Adjectives with more than two syllables
Adjectives with more than two syllables can only make
their comparative by using 'more' and their superlative
by using 'most‘ beautiful → more beautiful / most
beautiful
intelligent → more intelligent / most intelligent
interesting → more interesting / most interesting
expensive → more expensive / most expensive
8
Comparatives and Superlatives
Irregular adjectives
There are also some irregular adjectives. We just need
to learn these forms good → better → best
bad → worse → worst
far → further → furthest
little → less → least
much → more → most
Present Perfect and Past Simple
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Present Perfect VS Past Simple
Present Perfect positive
•
T
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m
a
k
e
t
h
e
p
o
s
i
t
i
v
e
p
r
e
s
e
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t
p
e
r
f
e
c
t
t
e
n
s
e
,
u
s
e
:
'
h
a
v
e
'
/
'
h
a
s
'
+
t
h
e
p
a
s
t
p
a
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t
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c
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p
l
e
10
Present Perfect negative
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Present Perfect questions
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To make a question, put 'have' or 'has' in front of the subject:
Have you ever…
13
Have you ever meaning any time in your
life until now
Have you ever been to Paris
- Yes I have.
Did you have a good time?
- Yes I did.
12C Have a good trip
Return flight – povratni let
Car hire – iznajmiti auto
City break – a short
holiday in a famous city
Boarding card – bording
karta
Passport – paso
š
14
Vocabulary
Vocabulary
Hand luggage – ručni prtljag
A ticket – karta
Passengers – putnici
Pack your bags – spakovati
stvari
15
Sharp items – oštr predmeti
Vocabulary
A flight number – broj leta
a window – prozor
Scissors – makaze
Backpack – ruksak
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A check in desk – šalter za prijavljivanje
On time – na vrijeme (at the planned time)
Trip – putovanje (when you travel to a place and come back again)
Journey – putovanje (one direction only)
Travel e
xpressions
Have a nice weekend.
Have a nice holiday.
Have a good trip.
See you in two weeks.
See you next year.
See you on the next course.
17
Send me an e-mail.
Send us a postcard.
Review
18
Uraditi 1
2
Review, strana
100
Review
19
Complete the worksheet using the correct comparative or
superlative.
1) Canada is __________ than China but Russia is the
____________ country.
a) big b) bigger c) biggest
2) Monkeys are ____________ but ants are ____________.
a) small b) smaller c) smallest
3) Giraffes are the __________ land animal.
a) tall b) taller c) tallest
4) Boys usually have ___________ hair than girls.
a) short) shorter c) shortest
5) Lamps are ___________ but the sun is ____________.
a) bright b) brighter c) brightest
.
Review
20
Comparative Superlative
Popular
Hot
Difficult
Young
Slim
Interesting
Sad
Bad
Easy
Strong
Cold
Pretty
Intelligent
Good
Quiet
Narrow
Old
Far
Tall
High
Cheap
Dangerous
Comparative Superlative
Expensive
Beautiful
Deep
Fat
Modern
Silly
Noisy
Amazing
Busy
Famous
Simple
Funny
Important
Short
Crazy
Nervous
Spicy
Handsome
Early
Nice
Generous
Ugly
THANK YOU
21
Explore how adjectives with one, two, or more than two syllables form their comparative and superlative forms. Learn about common spelling rules and exceptions for creating comparisons. Discover when to use 'er'/'est', 'more', or 'most' for different types of adjectives.
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Presentation Transcript
12A World records Logo www.comany.com 1
Adjectives with one syllable Usually if an adjective has only one syllable, we add 'er' to make the comparative form. We add 'est' to make the superlative form.clean cleaner / cleanest cold colder / coldest small smaller / smallest young younger / youngest tall taller / tallest Logo www.comany.com 2
There are some spelling changes. If there is one vowel followed by one consonant at the end of the adjective, we often double the consonant.wet wetter / wettest big bigger / biggest hot hotter / hottest thin thinner / thinnest If the adjective ends in 'y', this often changes to 'i'.dry drier / driest If the adjective ends in 'e', we don't add another 'e', just 'r'.nice nicer / nicest large larger / largest Logo www.comany.com 3
There are a few adjectives that we have to use 'more' or 'most' with, even though they only have one syllable. We CAN'T add 'er' or 'est'.fun more fun / most fun (NOT funner / funnest) real more real / most real (NOT realer / realest) right more right / most right (NOT righter / rightest) wrong more wrong / most wrong (NOT wronger / wrongest) Logo www.comany.com 4
Adjectives with two syllables For adjectives with two syllables we generally use 'more' or 'most careful more careful / most careful bored more bored / most bored But some two syllable adjectives can take 'er' or 'est'. It's also fine to use 'more' (for the comparative) or 'most' (for the superlative).clever cleverer / cleverest simple simpler / simplest narrow narrower / narrowest quiet quieter / quietest Logo www.comany.com 5
Adjectives with two syllables that end in 'y' usually can add 'er' or 'est' (y generally changes to i). It's also fine to use 'more' or 'most'.dirty dirtier / dirtiest pretty prettier / prettiest happy happier / happiest ugly uglier / ugliest Logo www.comany.com 6
Adjectives with more than two syllables Adjectives with more than two syllables can only make their comparative by using 'more' and their superlative by using 'most beautiful more beautiful / most beautiful intelligent more intelligent / most intelligent interesting more interesting / most interesting expensive more expensive / most expensive Logo www.comany.com 7
Irregular adjectives There are also some irregular adjectives. We just need to learn these forms good better best bad worse worst far further furthest little less least much more most Logo www.comany.com 8
Present Perfect To talk about experiences in life until now, we don t say when they happened. Present Simple We use it if we say when something happened Examples I ve been I ve been to India. I went ago. went there two years Logo www.comany.com 9
To make the positive present perfect tense, use:'have participle participle 'have' / 'has' ' / 'has' + the past past Positive Positive Short Form I have played I've played you have worked you've worked he has written he's written she has walked she's walked it has rained it's rained we have travelled we've travelled they have studied they've studied Logo www.comany.com 10
Negative Negative Short Form I have not eaten breakfast today I haven't eaten you have not been to Asia you haven't been he has not seen the new film he hasn't seen she has not played tennis she hasn't played it has not snowed this winter it hasn't snowed we have not slept all night we haven't slept they have not tried the food they haven't tried Logo www.comany.com 11
To make a question, put 'have' or 'has' in front of the subject: 'Wh' Questions 'Yes / No' Questions Where have I left my umbrella? Have I missed the bus? What have you done today? Have you visited London? Why has he gone already? Has he worked as a waiter before? Where has she been in the UK? Has she met John? Why has it rained so much this summer? Has it been cold this week? What have we done? Have we arrived too early? Where have they learned English before? Have they studied English grammar before? Logo www.comany.com 12
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Uraditi 12 Review, strana 100 Logo www.comany.com 18
Complete the worksheet using the correct comparative or superlative. 1) Canada is __________ than China but Russia is the ____________ country. a) big b) bigger c) biggest 2) Monkeys are ____________ but ants are ____________. a) small b) smaller c) smallest 3) Giraffes are the __________ land animal. a) tall b) taller c) tallest 4) Boys usually have ___________ hair than girls. a) short) shorter c) shortest 5) Lamps are ___________ but the sun is ____________. a) bright b) brighter c) brightest . Logo www.comany.com 19
Comparative Superlative Comparative Superlative Expensive Beautiful Deep Fat Modern Silly Noisy Amazing Busy Famous Simple Funny Important Short Crazy Nervous Spicy Handsome Early Nice Generous Ugly Popular Hot Difficult Young Slim Interesting Sad Bad Easy Strong Cold Pretty Intelligent Good Quiet Narrow Old Far Tall High Cheap Dangerous Logo www.comany.com 20
THANK YOU THANK YOU Logo www.comany.com 21
