Community Organization: History, Definition, and Types
Community Organization
History
The concept of community organization was
developed in the
United States
from the
experience of evolving organizations and
institutions to
meet people needs
in urban areas
and to
promote citizen participation
. It came to
be associated with the urban environment of
North American
towns and cities
. The term is
used in Social Work literature as the
traditional
third setting of Social Work
, the others being
case work and group work
.
Definition of Community Organization
1.
Khalid Mohammad
(1992) opines that community organization
refers to the
adjustment between the needs and resources of a
community
. As a process, community organization implies those
welfare measures which are undertaken by the members of a
community in accordance to their needs and resources.
2.
Mildred Barry
(1992) says that community organization in Social
Work is the process of creating and maintaining a progressively
more
effective adjustment between community resources and
community welfare needs
. This adjustment is achieved through
the help of the
professional worker and the participation of
individuals and groups
in the community.
3.
Rubin Herbert and Rubin Irene
(1986) suggests that community
organization is
brining people together
to
combat shared
problems
. Community organizing is a
political process
to
determine who decides what about which issues, and it increases
the power of those who currently have little say about decisions
that affect their lives.
Types of Community Organization
There are five types of community organizations i.e. self-help,
partnership, co-production, pressure and protest organizations.
1.
Self-help Organization
Self-help organizations are
groups of people
who provide
mutual support and assistance
to each other for the purpose to
meet a need or to pursue collective goals
. They offer a vehicle
for people with a common problem to gain support and
recognition, obtain information on, advocate on behalf of,
address issues associated with, and take control of the
circumstances that bring about, perpetuate, and provide
solutions to their shared problems. Self-help groups may be
small informal groups
, confined to interactive support for
their members. In self-help organizations, the members
identify and prioritize
their problems and find out solution to
the problems with
minimal help
or interaction from
outside
agencies.
2. Partnership Organization
Partnership organizations are
developed by
community members
who
themselves define
which problems to work on
, but often
rely upon
outside financial assistance
. In partnership
organizations, the people unite with each other to
identify and prioritize their needs and get
resources from other agencies for the purpose to
develop their community.
3. Co-production Organization
Co-production means that
community organizations
undertake activities with government
which in the
past were carried out only by government agencies
.
These organizations are
staffed wholly or in part
by
organizational members
. Usually some
decision-
making responsibility devolves to community
members.
Examples of co-production organizations
are; PTC (parents teacher council), SMC (school
management committee) and HMC (health
management committee) etc.
4. Pressure Organization
. . . . . . . / . . . . . .
Pressure organization is
a group of people
who
choose their own issues
but try to
work within the
conventional rules of government
to
persuade
politicians and bureaucrats
to
change policies
.
5. Protest Organization
Protest organizations
usually want to
bring a change
in the
economic or political system
and often
work
outside of the conventional rules
. They adopt all
kinds of
tactics including humor and disruption
, to
force their opponents inside and outside government
to satisfy community demands
. Civil rights
protesters who
engage in marches, sit-ins
and
demonstrations exemplify more issue- oriented
protest groups.
How to form a community-based organization at a street
(
muhalla
) level?
Primarily, following steps are needed to form a community-based organization at a
street level.
Step-1.
Identification and selection of the area
Step-2.
Identification of contact persons and activists (CRPs-Community Resource
Persons)
Step-3.
Problems need assessment (community profiling)
Step-4.
Identification of the entry point/common interests of the people
Step-5.
Series of dialogues and completion of baseline data
Step-6.
Organization of the community people (community based organization-CBO)
Step-7.
Developing objectives of the CBO through community members
Step-8.
Election of office bearers or representatives of the community based
organization
Step-9.
Opening a joint bank account with the name of CBO
Step-10.
Orientation of CBO members regarding their roles and responsibilities and
necessary record keeping
Step-11.
Identification and prioritization of needs of the community
Step-12.
Preparation of community action plan
Step-13.
Facilitation of the people for developing linkages with other governmental
and non-governmental support services organizations
Step-14.
Capacity building of the members of the community based organization
Community organization is a vital aspect of social work focusing on meeting the needs of urban communities and promoting citizen participation. The concept has evolved in the United States to create effective adjustments between community resources and welfare needs. Various types of community organizations exist, including self-help, partnership, and co-production organizations, each serving unique purposes in addressing shared problems and fostering community empowerment.
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Presentation Transcript
Community Organization History The concept of community organization was developed in the United States from the experience of evolving institutions to meet people needs in urban areas and to promote citizen participation. It came to be associated with the urban environment of North American towns and cities. The term is used in Social Work literature as the traditional third setting of Social Work, the others being case work and group work. organizations and
Definition of Community Organization 1. Khalid Mohammad (1992) opines that community organization refers to the adjustment between the needs and resources of a community. As a process, community organization implies those welfare measures which are undertaken by the members of a community in accordance to their needs and resources. 2. Mildred Barry (1992) says that community organization in Social Work is the process of creating and maintaining a progressively more effective adjustment between community resources and community welfare needs. This adjustment is achieved through the help of the professional worker and the participation of individuals and groups in the community. 3. Rubin Herbert and Rubin Irene (1986) suggests that community organization is brining people together to combat shared problems. Community organizing is a political process to determine who decides what about which issues, and it increases the power of those who currently have little say about decisions that affect their lives.
Types of Community Organization There are five types of community organizations i.e. self-help, partnership, co-production, pressure and protest organizations. 1. Self-help Organization Self-help organizations are groups of people who provide mutual support and assistance to each other for the purpose to meet a need or to pursue collective goals. They offer a vehicle for people with a common problem to gain support and recognition, obtain information on, advocate on behalf of, address issues associated with, and take control of the circumstances that bring about, perpetuate, and provide solutions to their shared problems. Self-help groups may be small informal groups, confined to interactive support for their members. In self-help organizations, the members identify and prioritize their problems and find out solution to the problems with minimal help or interaction from outside agencies.
2. Partnership Organization Partnership organizations are developed by community members who themselves define which problems to work on, but often rely upon outside financial assistance. organizations, the people unite with each other to identify and prioritize their needs and get resources from other agencies for the purpose to develop their community. In partnership
3. Co-production Organization Co-production means that community organizations undertake activities with government which in the past were carried out only by government agencies. These organizations are staffed wholly or in part by organizational members. Usually some decision- making responsibility devolves to community members. Examples of co-production organizations are; PTC (parents teacher council), SMC (school management committee) management committee) etc. and HMC (health
4. Pressure Organization . . . . Pressure organization is a group of people who choose their own issues but try to work within the conventional rules of government to persuade politicians and bureaucrats to change policies. 5. Protest Organization Protest organizations usually want to bring a change in the economic or political system and often work outside of the conventional rules. They adopt all kinds of tactics including humor and disruption, to force their opponents inside and outside government to satisfy community protesters who engage in marches, sit-ins and demonstrations exemplify more issue- oriented protest groups. . . . / . . . . . . demands. Civil rights
How to form a community-based organization at a street (muhalla) level? Primarily, following steps are needed to form a community-based organization at a street level. Step-1. Identification and selection of the area Step-2. Identification of contact persons and activists (CRPs-Community Resource Persons) Step-3. Problems need assessment (community profiling) Step-4. Identification of the entry point/common interests of the people Step-5. Series of dialogues and completion of baseline data Step-6. Organization of the community people (community based organization-CBO) Step-7. Developing objectives of the CBO through community members Step-8. Election of office bearers or representatives of the community based organization Step-9. Opening a joint bank account with the name of CBO Step-10. Orientation of CBO members regarding their roles and responsibilities and necessary record keeping Step-11. Identification and prioritization of needs of the community Step-12. Preparation of community action plan Step-13. Facilitation of the people for developing linkages with other governmental and non-governmental support services organizations Step-14. Capacity building of the members of the community based organization
