China's Dynasties and Cultural Contributions
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C
HINA
L
IMITS
E
UROPEAN
C
ONTACT
Ming Dynasty (1368 – 1644)
1368 –
Hongwu
commands Chinese army that drives
Mongols out of China. (1
st
Ming Emperor)
1. Agriculture reforms = increase in population
2. Return of Chinese society to Confucian morals.
3. Civil Service Reforms – Exams given for
government jobs
Early 1400’s: China launches
seven
voyages of
exploration throughout
Southwest Asia
and
Africa
.
Voyages demonstrated the wealth and power of
Ming dynasty
Voyages consisted of hundreds of ships and
thousands of men (floating cities)
Zheng He
led all seven voyages
The Ming Dynasty
M
ING
T
REASURE
S
HIP
VS
. C
OLUMBUS
S
HIP
1433 China follows policy of
isolationism
Capital moved to Beijing – Palace was called
the
“Forbidden City”
because peasants and
foreigners were not allowed to enter.
Government controlled all trade – Goods only
could enter/exit through 3 ports (smuggling)
Demand for porcelain and silk. Heavy taxes
on manufactured goods causes China to
remain an agricultural country
T
HE
F
ORBIDDEN
CITY
Qing Dynasty
(1644 – 1912)
T
HE
Q
ING
D
YNASTY
1644
Manchus
invade China and seize Beijing
Took the Chinese name
Qing
Dynasty
Eventually gained citizens respect:
1. Upheld Confucian beliefs
2. Made frontiers safer
3. Restored Chinese prosperity
Reduced government spending and lowered taxes
Welcomed intellectuals and Jesuits into their court
Trade/ Commerce
Restrictions: Special Ports & Paying Tribute
Dutch accepted terms – English did not accept
C
HINESE
I
NVENTIONS
Compass
Gunpowder
Wheelbarrow
Seismoscope (Earthquake Detector)
Kites
Noodles
Block Printing
Mines (Land and Naval)
Lottery
C
HINESE
Z
ODIAC
B
UDDHISM
Founder:
Buddha
“the Enlightened One”, born in India
Religion is over 2,500 years old
Found in Sri Lanka, East and S.E Asia and Japan
Buddha did not teach a personal deity
There is no one Holy Book
Leadership comes from Buddhist monks and nuns
Beliefs
Dharma: Key to happiness was detachment from
worldly desires.
Rebirth: Living things after death are reborn
Meditation: A form of religious contemplation
Goal: NIRVANA – complete peace and happiness
T
HE
E
IGHTFOLD
P
ATH
1. Know the truth
2. Intend to resist evil
3. Not say anything to hurt others
4. Respect life, property and morality
5. Work at a job that does not injure others
6. Free ones mind from evil
7. Be in control of ones feelings and thoughts
8. Practice appropriate forms of concentration
Ming Dynasty marked by agricultural reforms, Confucian revival, and Zheng He's voyages; Qing Dynasty's rule following Manchu invasion with emphasis on Confucian beliefs and economic reforms; Chinese inventions and zodiac as part of rich cultural heritage. Policy of isolationism led to limited European contact in 1433.
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Presentation Transcript
CHINA LIMITS EUROPEAN CONTACT
The Ming Dynasty 1368 Hongwu commands Chinese army that drives Mongols out of China. (1st Ming Emperor) 1. Agriculture reforms = increase in population 2. Return of Chinese society to Confucian morals. 3. Civil Service Reforms Exams given for government jobs Early 1400 s: China launches seven voyages of exploration throughout Southwest Asiaand Africa. Voyages demonstrated the wealth and power of Ming dynasty Voyages consisted of hundreds of ships and thousands of men (floating cities) Zheng He led all seven voyages
1433 China follows policy of isolationism Capital moved to Beijing Palace was called the Forbidden City because peasants and foreigners were not allowed to enter. Government controlled all trade Goods only could enter/exit through 3 ports (smuggling) Demand for porcelain and silk. Heavy taxes on manufactured goods causes China to remain an agricultural country
Qing Dynasty (1644 1912)
THE QING DYNASTY 1644 Manchus invade China and seize Beijing Took the Chinese name QingDynasty Eventually gained citizens respect: 1. Upheld Confucian beliefs 2. Made frontiers safer 3. Restored Chinese prosperity Reduced government spending and lowered taxes Welcomed intellectuals and Jesuits into their court Trade/ Commerce Restrictions: Special Ports & Paying Tribute Dutch accepted terms English did not accept
CHINESE INVENTIONS Compass Gunpowder Wheelbarrow Seismoscope (Earthquake Detector) Kites Noodles Block Printing Mines (Land and Naval) Lottery
BUDDHISM Founder: Buddha the Enlightened One , born in India Religion is over 2,500 years old Found in Sri Lanka, East and S.E Asia and Japan Buddha did not teach a personal deity There is no one Holy Book Leadership comes from Buddhist monks and nuns Beliefs Dharma: Key to happiness was detachment from worldly desires. Rebirth: Living things after death are reborn Meditation: A form of religious contemplation Goal: NIRVANA complete peace and happiness
THE EIGHTFOLD PATH 1. Know the truth 2. Intend to resist evil 3. Not say anything to hurt others 4. Respect life, property and morality 5. Work at a job that does not injure others 6. Free ones mind from evil 7. Be in control of ones feelings and thoughts 8. Practice appropriate forms of concentration
