Cultural Diversity in Healthcare
Culture
1
Population Diversity
The United States is becoming more diverse.
Approximately 33% of the population
belongs
to a racial or
ethnic minority group.
Figure 9-1
Health disparities among ethnic and racial minorities
continue to increase.
Eliminating health disparities is one important goal of
Healthy
People 2010.
Racial and ethnic minorities often experience poor access
to care
2
Understanding Cultural Concepts
Cultural Concepts
Transcultural Nursing
Culturally congruent care
Fits the person’s valued life patterns
and set of meanings
Culturally competent care
Requires specific knowledge,
skills, and attitudes in the
delivery of culturally congruent
care.
Ability of nurse to bridge
cultural gaps in caring, work
with cultural differences, and
enable clients/families to
achieve meaningful &
supportive care.
Figure 9-2
Cultural conflicts
Ethnocentrism
Cultural imposition
Cultural Context of Health
and Caring
Health, illness, and caring have meanings that are unique to each
culture.
Every culture provides a context according to which groups
interpret and define experiences relevant to life transitions such
as birth, illness, and death and religious events
Culture provides basis of beliefs of health & illness in terms of
cause, dx, healer & treatment.
Table 9-1: Comparative Cultural Contexts of Health & Illness
Cultural Healing Modalities & Healers
Naturalistic Practitioners
Herbs, chemicals, heat, cold, massage &
surgery
Personalistic
Practitioners
External agent human or non-human (ghosts)
Beliefs
Relationship with others (living & deceased) & Dieties
Approaches
Voodoo
Massage, aromatherapy, herbs
Nurses need to be familiar with different cultural healers & practices
Southeast Asians:
Coining
,
Cupping,
pinching, burning
6
Cultural Therapies
Coining
Cupping
7
Cultural Healing Modalities
and Healers: Table 9-2
Chinese and Southeast Asians
Herbalist, acupuncturist, fortune teller, shaman
Asian Indians
Ayurvedic practitioner
Native Americans
Shaman
African American
“Granny midwife,” spiritualist, voodoo practitioner, hougan (male), mambo (female)
Hispanics
Cuarandero/a, yerbero, sabador, espiritsta, santero/a
Culture Bound Syndrome
Culture Bound Syndrome
Illness specific to one culture
Used to explain personal & social reactions of cultures
members
9
Culture and Life Transitions
Rights of passage
Social markers of changes in a person’s life
Pregnancy
Childbirth
Pain verbalization
Fear of drug addiction
Combination of naturalistic, religious, supernatural modalities combining
herbs, massage & prayers
Newborn
Postpartum period
Grief and loss
Cultural Assessment
A systematic and comprehensive examination of the cultural care
values, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families, and
communities
Goal:
-
Gather significant information that will enable the
nurse to provide culturally competent care
ETHNOHISTORY: significant historical experiences of a particular
group. EX: Great Depression (frugal & save).
Interpreters:
Compatibility: repeats what client said without judgement about
content.
Dialects of language
Selected Components of Cultural Assessment
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.
Except where otherwise noted, this content by Southern Regional Technical College is licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, click
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Healthcare Careers Work!(HCW) is sponsored by a $2.3 million grant from the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment &
Training Administration. TAACCCT Grant #TC- 26488-14-60-A-13. Southern Regional Technical College is an equal
opportunity employer and will make adaptive equipment available to persons with disabilities upon request.
This workforce product was funded by a grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment and Training
Administration. The product was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S.
Department of Labor. The U.S. Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or
implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to,
accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership.
The content explores the significance of cultural diversity in healthcare, emphasizing the increasing diversity of the population in the United States and the importance of cultural competence in nursing. It delves into cultural concepts, transcultural nursing, cultural context of health and caring, and cultural healing modalities. Addressing issues like health disparities among ethnic and racial minorities, the material underscores the necessity for healthcare professionals to understand and respect different cultural beliefs and practices to provide effective and compassionate care.
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Presentation Transcript
Culture 1
Population Diversity The United States is becoming more diverse. Approximately 33% of the population belongs to a racial or ethnic minority group. Figure 9-1 Health disparities among ethnic and racial minorities continue to increase. Eliminating health disparities is one important goal of Healthy People 2010. Racial and ethnic minorities often experience poor access to care 2
Understanding Cultural Concepts Culture Visible Invisible Characteristics: Primary Secondary Subcultures Ethnicity -Race Emic worldview Intercultural Encounter Insider View Etic worldview Intercultural Encounter Outsider View Enculturation Acculturation Assimilation Biculturalism
Cultural Concepts Transcultural Nursing Culturally congruent care Fits the person s valued life patterns and set of meanings Cultural conflicts Culturally competent care Ethnocentrism Requires specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes in the delivery of culturally congruent care. Cultural imposition Ability of nurse to bridge cultural gaps in caring, work with cultural differences, and enable clients/families to achieve meaningful & supportive care. Figure 9-2
Cultural Context of Health and Caring Health, illness, and caring have meanings that are unique to each culture. Every culture provides a context according to which groups interpret and define experiences relevant to life transitions such as birth, illness, and death and religious events Culture provides basis of beliefs of health & illness in terms of cause, dx, healer & treatment. Table 9-1: Comparative Cultural Contexts of Health & Illness
Cultural Healing Modalities & Healers Naturalistic Practitioners Herbs, chemicals, heat, cold, massage & surgery Personalistic Practitioners External agent human or non-human (ghosts) Beliefs Relationship with others (living & deceased) & Dieties Approaches Voodoo Massage, aromatherapy, herbs Nurses need to be familiar with different cultural healers & practices Southeast Asians: Coining, Cupping, pinching, burning 6
Coining Cultural Therapies Cupping 7
Cultural Healing Modalities and Healers: Table 9-2 Chinese and Southeast Asians Herbalist, acupuncturist, fortune teller, shaman Asian Indians Ayurvedic practitioner Native Americans Shaman African American Granny midwife, spiritualist, voodoo practitioner, hougan (male), mambo (female) Hispanics Cuarandero/a, yerbero, sabador, espiritsta, santero/a
Culture Bound Syndrome Culture Bound Syndrome Illness specific to one culture Used to explain personal & social reactions of cultures members 9
Culture and Life Transitions Rights of passage Social markers of changes in a person s life Pregnancy Childbirth Pain verbalization Fear of drug addiction Combination of naturalistic, religious, supernatural modalities combining herbs, massage & prayers Newborn Postpartum period Grief and loss
Cultural Assessment A systematic and comprehensive examination of the cultural care values, beliefs, and practices of individuals, families, and communities Goal: -Gather significant information that will enable the nurse to provide culturally competent care ETHNOHISTORY: significant historical experiences of a particular group. EX: Great Depression (frugal & save). Interpreters: Compatibility: repeats what client said without judgement about content. Dialects of language
Selected Components of Cultural Assessment Ethnic heritage and ethnohistory Biocultural history Health Risks Genetic Disorders: lactose intolerance in Asian-Americans Hypertension in African-Americans Religious and spiritual beliefs Social organization Communication patterns Time orientation Caring beliefs and practices Hispanic: taking turns staying with family member at night Experiences with professional health care
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Except where otherwise noted, this content by Southern Regional Technical College is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, click https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Healthcare Careers Work!(HCW) is sponsored by a $2.3 million grant from the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment & Training Administration. TAACCCT Grant #TC- 26488-14-60-A-13. Southern Regional Technical College is an equal opportunity employer and will make adaptive equipment available to persons with disabilities upon request. This workforce product was funded by a grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor s Employment and Training Administration. The product was created by the grantee and does not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Labor. The U.S. Department of Labor makes no guarantees, warranties, or assurances of any kind, express or implied, with respect to such information, including any information on linked sites and including, but not limited to, accuracy of the information or its completeness, timeliness, usefulness, adequacy, continued availability, or ownership.
