Challenges of Rural Broadband Connectivity: Addressing the Gap
Exploring the hurdles in providing rural broadband access such as sparse population density, high capital expenditure, and inadequate wireless technology. The focus is on understanding the unique characteristics of rural areas and the need for tailored solutions to bridge the digital divide.
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Frugal 5G Networks : Addressing the Challenges of Rural Broadband Connectivity 5th February 2019 Pranav Jha Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India pranavjha@ee.iitb.ac.in
Internet Penetration Status: Worldwide Unconnected Population (%) 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Source: https://www.internetworldstats.com/
Internet/Broadband Access How is it enabled? Developed countries Typically enabled through wired communication infrastructure Fiber and DSL Developing countries Fiber/DSL Infrastructure - Inadequate Cellular Technology - Primary broadband access mechanism
Wireless Technology for Rural Broadband Connectivity Existing and Emerging Wireless Cellular Standards Typically focussed on urban usage scenarios 5G technology targets - 10 Gbps data rate, 1 ms latency, 500 km/h mobility Challenges and Characteristics of Rural Connectivity not factored into specification and design Variations in use cases across regions, countries, continents ignored Operators Roll out networks in urban/semi-urban areas No compelling commercial reason for them to target rural areas
Rural Broadband Connectivity Challenges & Characteristics Sparse Population Density Populated in small clusters with vast open areas in between Providing similar type of services over a large geographical area may be inefficient Example of a rural area - Clustered settlements (An ellipse denotes a habitat)
Rural Broadband Connectivity Challenges & Characteristics contd. High Capital Expenditure Relatively Smaller Population Density Low Income Low ARPU Smaller Revenue Per Square Mile Courtesy: https://www.comsoc.org/ctn/anyone-out- there-5g-rural-coverage-and-next-1-billion
Rural Broadband Connectivity Challenges & Characteristics contd. Intermittent Power Availability Low Mobility Remote/Difficult to Access Areas Localized Communication & Relevance of content
Wireless Broadband Network for Rural Connectivity Frugal 5G Constraints Assumptions Objective Energy Efficiency Bandwidth efficiency User Satisfaction Low Mobility Less Stringent Availability Large Coverage Localized Communication Maximize Throughput Minimize Cost Frugal 5G Aimed at providing affordable primary broadband connectivity to rural areas
Frugal 5G - Middle-Mile Network Bharatnet Optical Fiber to Gram Panchayat Optical fiber terminates a few km away from villages How to Connect Villages/Homes Extension of optical PoP to the villages End users access the broadband through Wi-Fi Access Points Wi-Fi APs connected through a wireless middle mile network
Frugal 5G Key Features Large Coverage Area Cells to provide ubiquitous connectivity Small Cells (WiFi Hotspots) as access points for high speed data connectivity WiFi devices are very low cost devices SDN & Fog Paradigm Cloud and Fog based Architecture Separate control and data plane Integrated Multi-RAT Control in RAN Mirrors the population distribution Standardization Initiative : IEEE P2061 - Architecture for Low Mobility Energy Efficient Network for Affordable Broadband Access
