Bomb Calorimetry: Measuring Heat of Organic Materials
Bomb calorimetry is a technique used to measure the heat of combustion for organic materials. It involves saturating the material with oxygen in a sealed container (the bomb) and igniting it to record the enthalpy change. The process converts carbon molecules to carbon dioxide, hydrogen to water, and nitrogen to gaseous nitrogen. By using a bomb calorimeter, the energy produced by food or materials can be measured accurately. It is commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry for safety testing and assessing explosive force. The general parts of a bomb calorimeter include a metal container, steel bomb, stirrer, thermometer, reactant gas supply, ignition unit, and water.
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Presentation Transcript
OFFICE PRACTICE N5 TOPIC 5: ASSISTING WITH TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS MALUTI TVET BETHLEHEM CAMPUS J CASTELYN
TOPIC 5: ASSISTING WITH TRAVEL ARRANGEMENTS 4. HANDLING DIFFICULT SITUATIONS IN THE ABSENCE OF THE MANAGER / PROCEDURE SOLVING PROBLEMS. 5. WHEN THE MA ACCOMPANIES THE MANAGER ON A BUSINESS TRIP.
4. HANDLING DIFFICULT SITUATIONS IN THE ABSENCE OF THE MANAGER / PROCEDURE SOLVING PROBLEMS Difficult situations: ( yourself / refer / left for manager) e.g. Internet connection is down Printer constantly miss feed paper or ran out of ink. Lock on a filing cabinet with confidential information has been tampered with and you are accused of stealing a document from a HR manager s desk. Missed the one important meeting you had to take minutes and notes for to update the manager on.
4. HANDLING DIFFICULT SITUATIONS IN THE ABSENCE OF THE MANAGER / PROCEDURE SOLVING PROBLEMS PROCEDURE HANDLING DIFFICULT SITUATIONS/ PROCEDURE SOLVING PROBLEMS: ( yourself / refer / left for manager) Stay calm and try not to get overwhelmed. Use your good sense to decide what you can deal with yourself and what to refer to another person and which matters should be left until the manager returns. When advice is needed, during an emergency, there will always be another senior to consult with. The acting manager should be the first person to approach in the event of a problem. Come up with a solution if the problem needs urgent attention otherwise wait for the manager to return to be addressed You can contact expert people for help whom you dealt with on the manager s behalf in the past and who can be helpful during a crises, but stay within the company policy regarding to submitting under authority and following communication procedures. You are expected to use your own judgement and discretion in matters that cannot be referred to other people. Be capable of dealing with issues on your own, but not take matters in your own hands. If the manager contacts the office regularly, use the opportunity to discuss difficult situations with him. Compile a list of urgent matters you want to discuss with him. The manager will decide whether you must contact him by e-mail or forward e-mails while he is absent from the office. If there is no regular contact, use your discretion whether to contact the manager or refer the matter to someone else. Decide if the matter is relevant to the current trip or not.
5. WHEN THE MA ACCOMPANIES THE MANAGER ON A BUSINESS TRIP. 5.1 GUIDELINES: Take care of routine tasks - type minutes, agendas, arrangements, reservations and act as a interpreter if you know a foreign language Arrange functions and act as hostess Select outfits carefully by mix and match and prepare for all occasions Be neatly and stylish dressed throughout the trip. When acting as hostess maintain professional relationship with the manager to avoid embarrassing situations. Respect manager s privacy when he wants to be alone and continue with outstanding work Responsible for all arrangements , before and during the trip , for time - and physical management of documents and travel arrangements Thorough research before the trip and prepared for meetings, bookings, arrangements and events Correct and sufficient documentation and have every detail of the trip arranged and info nearby Know every detail on tips of fingers e.g. itinerary, flight bookings, hotel reservations, transport, agendas, client info, social and leisure activities, time schedule, maps, emergency numbers, copies of passport/visas Access to equipment e.g. computer, laptop, printing services. Professionalism on how to behave and dress. Keep relationship professional and bound to company policy. Not too friendly or familiar with the manager. Stay in separate rooms, focus on task on hand because you are not friends on vacations
5. WHEN THE MA ACCOMPANIES THE MANAGER ON A BUSINESS TRIP. 5.2 Travelling abroad: Learn as much possible about the customs, financial, political, cultural and economic environment of the destination. Learn a few key phrases in the destination country s language since even modest communication can go a long way to show locals you are open to communication and respectful to their culture. Always keep in mind the laws of the foreign country apply to everyone. Pay attention to issues of personal security, general safety, health issues, immigration and the customs of the destination country and always carry identification and contact details of your next of kin. Contact the nearest South African Diplomatic and Consular Representative in the destination country you are visiting should you need their help at any time during the trip.
