Artificial Intelligence
Discover the concept of intelligent agents in artificial intelligence, including human, robotic, and software agents. Learn about percepts, agent functions, rationality, and good behavior in agent decision-making processes.
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Presentation Transcript
College of Engineering & Technology Computer Techniques Engineering Department Artificial Intelligence Stage 3 Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence Lecture 2 Intelligent Agents
Intelligent Agents? Intelligent Agents? An agent is anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through actuators
Intelligent Agents? Intelligent Agents? Human agent has eyes, ears, and other organs for sensors and hands, legs, vocal tract, and so on for actuators. Robotic agent have cameras and infrared range finders for sensors and various motors for actuators Software agent receives keystrokes, file contents, and network packets as sensory inputs and acts on the environment by display on the screen, writing files and sending network packets
Intelligent Agents? Intelligent Agents? Percept: refer to the agents perceptual inputs at any given instant. Percept sequence is the complete history of everything the agent has ever perceived. Agent choice of action can depend on the entire percept sequence observed Agent function maps any given percept sequence to an action. Internally the agent function for AI will be implemented by an agent program Agent function is an abstract mathematical description. Agent program is a concrete implementation, running within some physical system.
Good Behavior: The concept of Rationality Good Behavior: The concept of Rationality Rational agent: is the one that does the right thing. What does it meant to do the right thing ? Agent generates a sequence of actions according to the percepts it receives. The sequence of actions causes the environment to go through sequence of states. If the sequence is desirable, then the agent has performed well. Performance measure evaluates any given sequence of environment states.
Rationality ? Rationality ? What is rational at any given time depends on four things ? 1. The performance measure. 2. The agent prior knowledge. 3. The actions that the agent can perform 4. The agent s percept sequence to data. This leads to a definition of a rational agent: For each possible percept sequence, a rational agent should select an action that is expected to maximize its performance measure, given the evidence provided by the percept sequence and whatever built-in knowledge that agent has.
Rationality ? Rationality ? What is rational at any given time depends on four things ? 1. The performance measure. 2. The agent prior knowledge. 3. The actions that the agent can perform 4. The agent s percept sequence to data. This leads to a definition of a rational agent: For each possible percept sequence, a rational agent should select an action that is expected to maximize its performance measure, given the evidence provided by the percept sequence and whatever built-in knowledge that agent has.
Omniscience, Learning and Autonomy? Omniscience, Learning and Autonomy? Omniscience vs. Rationality: Rational choice depend of the percept sequence to date. if an agent does not look both ways before crossing a busy road? Then Percept Sequence will not tell if there is any truck approaching. Doing actions in order to modify future percepts called information gathering or exploration Learning: rational agent must not only gather information but also to learn as much as possible from what it perceives. Autonomy: rational agent should learn what it can be compensate for partial or incorrect prior knowledge. (Rational Agent Can become Independent of its Prior Knowledge)
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