Art of Satire in Literature
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Satire Review
"Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do
generally discover everybody's face but their own“
--Jonathan Swift
Methods
Madness
Major players
Learning Goal (paraphrase it)
•
Students will be able to
identify satirical devices and
origins in written satirical
pieces and analyze the
purpose of these devices in
critiquing society.
Scale- Pre-unit score
•
4: I know absolutely nothing about
satire, but I do know that these
ridiculous scales completely and
thoroughly can assess how much
knowledge I possess about a subject and
therefor help my teacher tremendously
in her planning for future instruction
with a simple “thumbs up or thumbs
down”.
Scale continued
•
3: Who said anything about
sarcasm? I am being dead
serious here. This is important!
We must know and fully
understand it to be better
members of society.
Scale continued…
•
2: I am not sure whether or
not I should be offended by
the implication that my
teacher is making that real
learning is only defined by a
4-point scale.
Scale continued…
•
1: I am confused. Is this
supposed to be serious?
What are satirical
devices?
•
0: I am a literalist.
Satire
•
“A literary manner that blends a critical
attitude with humor and wit for the purpose
of improving human institutions or
humanity.” (Holman)
•
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Two major types of satire
:
•
“Formal" or "direct" satire speaks directly
to the reader or to a character in the work;
•
“Indirect" satire relies upon the ridiculous
behavior of its characters to make its
point.
•
Satire may be lighthearted and playful or
scornful and bitter. The
tone
depends
largely on the particular subject and its
author’s intentions.
Four
Devices
of Satire
Exaggeration
:
To enlarge, increase, or represent something
beyond normal bounds so that it becomes ridiculous and
its faults can be seen.
Incongruity
:
To present things that are out of place or are
absurd in relation to their surroundings.
Reversal
:
To present the opposite of the normal order (e.g.,
the order of events, hierarchical order).
Parody
:
To imitate the techniques and/or style of some
person, place, or thing.
Exaggeration
•
To enlarge, increase, or represent
something
beyond normal bounds
so that it
becomes
ridiculous and its faults can be
seen
•
Example:
Scary Movie
exaggerates techniques
used in horror films to
scare audiences.
Incongruity
•
To present things that are
out of place
or
are
absurd
in relation to its surroundings.
•
Example: A toaster as a time machine in
parody of Simpson’s “Sound of Thunder”;
Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy
•
OR
Reversal/ Irony
•
To present the
opposite
of the
normal order
(can be situational or verbal irony)
–
sarcasm
•
Example: On
Family Guy,
Stewie acts like
an adult.
Parody- Most common today
•
To
imitate
the techniques and/or style of
some person, place, or thing
•
Example:
More Satiric Devices
•
Caricature
: refers to the technique of
exaggerating for comic and satiric effect
one particular feature of the target, to
achieve a grotesque or ridiculous effect.
Seen more in visuals than in writing.
•
Burlesque
- This type of satire is often
"lowly" or "non-literary" but takes on a
sophisticated manner. For example, to have
a king speak like an idiot or a workman
speak like a king
Burlesque Device
•
Mock Heroic- a form of burlesque satire
that mocks heroic language of classics by
discussing a less-than-epic subject matter
with elevated language: i.e. Pope’s
Rape of
the Lock
More Satiric Devices
•
Invective
: describes very abusive, usually
nonironical language aimed at a particular
target (e.g., a string of curses or name
calling). Invective can often be quite
funny, but it is the least inventive of the
satirist's tools. A lengthy invective is
sometimes called a
diatribe
. The danger of
pure invective is that one can quickly get
tired of it, since it offers limited
opportunity for inventive wit.
More Satiric Devices
•
Lampoon
: generally refers to a very harsh
and personal attack on a very particular
recognizable target, focusing on the target's
character or appearance.
•
Reductio ad absurdum
: When the author
(speaker) takes the side of the argument he
wishes to ridicule by over exaggerating the
attitude or assumptions, which thus
exposes the foolishness of them. Swift’s
favorite technique, it may be hard to spot.
Other Literary Elements in Satire
•
Irony (verbal, situational, dramatic)
•
Hyperbole
•
Stock characters/ Archetypal
•
Humor
•
Sarcasm
•
Understatement
Verbal Irony
Your boyfriend shows up in ripped up jeans and a stained t-
shirt. With a smirk, you say, "Oh! I see you dressed up for
our date. We must be going to a posh restaurant."
Situational Irony
Dramatic Irony
In Shakespeare’s play
Romeo and Juliet, the
audience knows about the
plan Juliet and Friar
Laurence have for Juliet
to take the sleeping
potion. However, Romeo
is not informed of the plan
and drinks poison himself.
Origins of Satire
•
Juvenalian
- Taking its name from the writer
Juvenal
, Juvenalian satire typically is a harsh
attack on its target.
•
Horatian
- Taking its name from the Roman
writer
Horace
, Horatian satire is identified by its
tendency to make the observer or reader laugh. It
is marked with wit and is not always a direct
attack on its target.
•
Satire’s “Golden Age” was the 1700s when it
became popularized by poets, playwrights, and
novelists- used to critique the wealthy and
societal religious norms
•
I have never made but one prayer to God, a
very short one: 'O Lord, make my enemies
ridiculous.' And God granted it.
–
Voltaire
Examples from The Onion
•
See handouts
Delve into the world of satire, a literary device that combines humor and criticism to target human flaws and societal issues. Uncover the origins, major types, and key devices used in satire, as well as its significance in critiquing and improving human institutions and behaviors. Understand how satire can range from playful to scornful, and learn to identify and analyze satirical elements in written works.
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Presentation Transcript
Satire Review "Satire is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybody's face but their own --Jonathan Swift Methods Madness Major players
Learning Goal (paraphrase it) Students will be able to identify satirical devices and origins in written satirical pieces and analyze the purpose of these devices in critiquing society.
Scale- Pre-unit score 4: I know absolutely nothing about satire, but I do know that these ridiculous scales completely and thoroughly can assess how much knowledge I possess about a subject and therefor help my teacher tremendously in her planning for future instruction with a simple thumbs up or thumbs down .
Scale continued 3: Who said anything about sarcasm? I am being dead serious here. This is important! We must know and fully understand it to be better members of society.
Scale continued 2: I am not sure whether or not I should be offended by the implication that my teacher is making that real learning is only defined by a 4-point scale.
Scale continued 1: I am confused. Is this supposed to be serious? What are satirical devices? 0: I am a literalist.
Satire A literary manner that blends a critical attitude with humor and wit for the purpose of improving human institutions or humanity. (Holman) Satire (n.) - A literary work in which human vice or folly is attacked through irony, derision, or wit.
Two major types of satire: Formal" or "direct" satire speaks directly to the reader or to a character in the work; Indirect" satire relies upon the ridiculous behavior of its characters to make its point. Satire may be lighthearted and playful or scornful and bitter. The tone depends largely on the particular subject and its author s intentions.
Four Devices of Satire Exaggeration: To enlarge, increase, or represent something beyond normal bounds so that it becomes ridiculous and its faults can be seen. Incongruity: To present things that are out of place or are absurd in relation to their surroundings. Reversal: To present the opposite of the normal order (e.g., the order of events, hierarchical order). Parody: To imitate the techniques and/or style of some person, place, or thing.
Exaggeration To enlarge, increase, or represent something beyond normal bounds so that it becomes ridiculous and its faults can be seen Example: Scary Movie exaggerates techniques used in horror films to scare audiences.
Incongruity To present things that are out of place or are absurd in relation to its surroundings. Example: A toaster as a time machine in parody of Simpson s Sound of Thunder ; Hitchhiker s Guide to the Galaxy OR
Reversal/ Irony To present the opposite of the normal order (can be situational or verbal irony) sarcasm Example: On Family Guy, Stewie acts like an adult.
Parody- Most common today To imitate the techniques and/or style of some person, place, or thing Example:
More Satiric Devices Caricature: refers to the technique of exaggerating for comic and satiric effect one particular feature of the target, to achieve a grotesque or ridiculous effect. Seen more in visuals than in writing. Burlesque - This type of satire is often "lowly" or "non-literary" but takes on a sophisticated manner. For example, to have a king speak like an idiot or a workman speak like a king
Burlesque Device Mock Heroic- a form of burlesque satire that mocks heroic language of classics by discussing a less-than-epic subject matter with elevated language: i.e. Pope s Rape of the Lock
More Satiric Devices Invective: describes very abusive, usually nonironical language aimed at a particular target (e.g., a string of curses or name calling). Invective can often be quite funny, but it is the least inventive of the satirist's tools. A lengthy invective is sometimes called a diatribe. The danger of pure invective is that one can quickly get tired of it, since it offers limited opportunity for inventive wit.
More Satiric Devices Lampoon: generally refers to a very harsh and personal attack on a very particular recognizable target, focusing on the target's character or appearance. Reductio ad absurdum: When the author (speaker) takes the side of the argument he wishes to ridicule by over exaggerating the attitude or assumptions, which thus exposes the foolishness of them. Swift s favorite technique, it may be hard to spot.
Other Literary Elements in Satire Irony (verbal, situational, dramatic) Hyperbole Stock characters/ Archetypal Humor Sarcasm Understatement
Verbal Irony Your boyfriend shows up in ripped up jeans and a stained t- shirt. With a smirk, you say, "Oh! I see you dressed up for our date. We must be going to a posh restaurant."
Dramatic Irony In Shakespeare s play Romeo and Juliet, the audience knows about the plan Juliet and Friar Laurence have for Juliet to take the sleeping potion. However, Romeo is not informed of the plan and drinks poison himself.
Origins of Satire Juvenalian - Taking its name from the writer Juvenal, Juvenalian satire typically is a harsh attack on its target. Horatian - Taking its name from the Roman writer Horace, Horatian satire is identified by its tendency to make the observer or reader laugh. It is marked with wit and is not always a direct attack on its target. Satire s Golden Age was the 1700s when it became popularized by poets, playwrights, and novelists- used to critique the wealthy and societal religious norms
I have never made but one prayer to God, a very short one: 'O Lord, make my enemies ridiculous.' And God granted it. Voltaire
Examples from The Onion See handouts
![[PDF⚡READ❤ONLINE] In Ruins: A Journey Through History, Art, and Literature](/thumb/20543/pdf-read-online-in-ruins-a-journey-through-history-art-and-literature.jpg)
