Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) for Youth Interventions
Applied Behavioral
Interventions for Youth
Summer LeFebvre, LCSW, Behavior Consultant &
Chris Sturm, M.Ed., Behavior Consultant
UAA’s Center for Human Development
What is
Applied Behavior Analysis?
ABA is a science focused on the understanding and
improvement of human behavior
Using ABA we:
Increase behaviors
Teach new skills/behaviors
Generalize behaviors to new situations
Maintain new behaviors
Reduce the complex, interfering behaviors
Limit conditions where the complex behavior occurs
ABA’s Focus
ABA focuses on…
Behavior and its relationship to the environment –
what we all can see
Clearly and explicitly defined procedures to describe
how to change behavior
Laws of behavior that have been experimentally
demonstrated
Primarily reinforcement and not punishment procedures
ABA is… A = Applied
Applied settings are used, such as:
Classrooms
Home environment
Community settings
Analyze Antecedents & Consequences
What happens right before the behavior? Right after?
What is in the environment that makes challenging
behavior easier and more effective for that person ?
The focus is on socially important behaviors.
ABA is… B = Behavior
“Behavior” means everything we do
“Behavior” means everything we do
Behavior is lawful
Behavior is lawful
Behavior can be defined, observed, predicted, and
Behavior can be defined, observed, predicted, and
managed… and agreed upon by everyone
managed… and agreed upon by everyone
Behavior is influenced by events and people just
Behavior is influenced by events and people just
before and after the behavior has occurred
before and after the behavior has occurred
This Includes Social Behavior
This Includes Social Behavior
ABA…
ABA…
Increase specific behaviors
Increase specific behaviors
Decrease others BUT in positive ways (not through
Decrease others BUT in positive ways (not through
punishment procedures)
punishment procedures)
So when considering what behaviors to decrease,
So when considering what behaviors to decrease,
think of a new, more appropriate
think of a new, more appropriate
easy
easy
behavior to
behavior to
be increased
be increased
This easy behavior takes the place of the behavior
This easy behavior takes the place of the behavior
decreased – the Replacement Behavior
decreased – the Replacement Behavior
More About B = Behavior
Behavior Analysis &
Interventions
Focus is on observable behavior
Focus is on observable behavior
Measurement of behavior change
Measurement of behavior change
Emphasis on current environmental events and
Emphasis on current environmental events and
surrounding (including people)
surrounding (including people)
Antecedents
Antecedents
Behaviors
Behaviors
Consequences
Consequences
Behaviors are defined by their dimensions or properties
Behaviors are defined by their dimensions or properties
Intervention procedures are clearly described
Intervention procedures are clearly described
Intervention implemented by people in everyday
Intervention implemented by people in everyday
situations – at home, in the community, at school
situations – at home, in the community, at school
ABA is… A = Analysis
ABA is based upon daily data collection of
challenging behaviors, interventions implemented
and if…
Behavior(s) were increased?
Behavior(s) were decreased?
Treatment decisions are based on real-time, daily
measurement of behavior
Show me the DATA
Visualizing Problem Areas
Primary Tool – the FBA
FBA is a Functional Behavioral Assessment
Not similar at all to the Functional Assessment (FA)
During this process, the following is done:
1)
Review of records and previous interventions
2)
Interviews of individual, family, providers, other
stakeholders
3)
Direct observation across environments
1)
Operationally define problem behavior(s)
2)
Identify events/situations which predict when the
problem behavior will/won’t occur
3)
Identify the function the behavior(s) seem to serve
4)
Develop summary statements which describe the
behaviors, situations in which they occur, and what
is maintaining them
What’s reinforcing the behavior(s)?
5)
Direct observation to see if the function is correct
Show me the DATA
Functional Behavioral
Assessment
Behavior Intervention Plan
(BIP)
The BIP is developed collaboratively by the
The BIP is developed collaboratively by the
TEAM
TEAM
:
:
1)
FBA results reviewed
FBA results reviewed
2)
Determine the Replacement & Preferred behaviors
Determine the Replacement & Preferred behaviors
3)
Individual intervention for problem behavior
Individual intervention for problem behavior
What and how will new behaviors be prompted?
What and how will new behaviors be prompted?
4)
Programmatic interventions for team members
Programmatic interventions for team members
What will staff do to actively prevent challenging behaviors
What will staff do to actively prevent challenging behaviors
and prompt for new behaviors?
and prompt for new behaviors?
5)
Progress monitoring
Progress monitoring
Daily data collection & On-going evaluation
Daily data collection & On-going evaluation
Access to attention (GET)
Access to a tangible item (GET)
Food, Events, Games, People
Escape (GET AWAY)
Attention, Demands, Non-preferred activities
Automatic (GET)
Self-stimulatory (not socially regulated)
Behavior Serves 4 Broad
“Functions”
Your/Staff/Caregiver behavior impacts
Your/Staff/Caregiver behavior impacts
your client.
your client.
Your client protests and he gets out of doing
Your client protests and he gets out of doing
dishes.
dishes.
Your client learns to protest to get out of
Your client learns to protest to get out of
chores.
chores.
Interaction is Bi-directional
•
Your client’s behavior impacts you.
Your client’s behavior impacts you.
•
Your client quits protesting when you let him
Your client quits protesting when you let him
out of doing dishes.
out of doing dishes.
•
You are more likely to allow him to escape
You are more likely to allow him to escape
chores to prevent/stop/remove protesting.
chores to prevent/stop/remove protesting.
Interaction is Bi-directional
Interaction is Bi-directional
•
Peers’ behavior impacts your client.
Peers’ behavior impacts your client.
•
Your client ignores her peer when they
Your client ignores her peer when they
approach to talk.
approach to talk.
•
Your client learns if she doesn’t respond, the
Your client learns if she doesn’t respond, the
other person will leave her alone.
other person will leave her alone.
Interaction is Bi-directional
Interaction is Bi-directional
Your client’s behavior impacts peers.
Your client’s behavior impacts peers.
Your client does not respond to peer’s
Your client does not respond to peer’s
initiation.
initiation.
The peer is less likely to approach because
The peer is less likely to approach because
their initiations are not reinforced by your
their initiations are not reinforced by your
client.
client.
Interaction is Bi-directional
Interaction is Bi-directional
Because we know behavior is lawful
It can be defined, observed, predicted,
and managed, and
It is influenced by events that
happen after the behavior has
occurred
We can intervene and change it!
Changing the Interaction
Antecedent
Antecedent
What happens right before the behavior?
What happens right before the behavior?
What in the environment tells the client something is here for me if I
What in the environment tells the client something is here for me if I
do X?
do X?
Behavior
Behavior
The only behaviors of concern are socially important and socially
The only behaviors of concern are socially important and socially
relevant behaviors.
relevant behaviors.
Consequence
Consequence
What happens right after? (reinforcing or maintaining consequence)
What happens right after? (reinforcing or maintaining consequence)
Consequence is important, but not for the reasons you think
Consequence is important, but not for the reasons you think
We need to find out what people “get” out doing something.
We need to find out what people “get” out doing something.
What is the behavior trying to tell us?
What is the behavior trying to tell us?
What is the function of that behavior?
What is the function of that behavior?
ABC’s of Behavior
Big Bang Theory with Sheldon & Penny
Big Bang Theory with Sheldon & Penny
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy_mIEnnlF4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy_mIEnnlF4
Sheldon’s Antecedent
Sheldon’s Antecedent
What does he do/say that makes him the “A?”
What does he do/say that makes him the “A?”
Penny’s behavior
Penny’s behavior
What does she do in response?
What does she do in response?
What is the “C?”
What is the “C?”
ABCs or the
3-Term Contingency
By looking at what happened right before and after a
behavior we understand the relationship between the
environment and behavior
Observable A-B-Cs
Impacting Behavior
Reinforcement/Punishment
We do something to get something
Consequences are important, but not for what you
might be thinking… like teaching a lesson
Consequences tell us what people “get” from their
behavior
What is the behavior trying to tell us?
What is the function of that behavior?
One Point about
Consequences…
ABC Wrap-Up
ABCs are also known as the 3-Term Contingency
Behavior does not occur in isolation.
It is affected by events that happen before and events
that happen after.
In order to gain a clearer understanding of what is
maintaining a behavior, we must look at all three
pieces.
Antecedent – Behavior – Consequence
Questions/ Comments
Contact information
Contact information
Summer LeFebvre, LCSW, Behavior Consultant
Summer LeFebvre, LCSW, Behavior Consultant
summer@alaskachd.org
summer@alaskachd.org
(907) 350-1257
(907) 350-1257
Chris Sturm, M.Ed., Behavior Consultant
Chris Sturm, M.Ed., Behavior Consultant
chris@alaskachd.org
chris@alaskachd.org
(907) 891-1012
(907) 891-1012
UAA’s Center for Human Development
UAA’s Center for Human Development
2702 Gambell Street, Suite #103
2702 Gambell Street, Suite #103
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is a science focusing on improving human behavior by increasing desired behaviors, teaching new skills, and generalizing behaviors. ABA emphasizes observable behaviors, measurement of behavior change, and the use of interventions in various settings like classrooms and homes. It involves analyzing antecedents, behaviors, and consequences to manage behavior effectively.
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Presentation Transcript
Applied Behavioral Interventions for Youth Summer LeFebvre, LCSW, Behavior Consultant & Chris Sturm, M.Ed., Behavior Consultant UAA s Center for Human Development
What is Applied Behavior Analysis? ABA is a science focused on the understanding and improvement of human behavior Using ABA we: Increase behaviors Teach new skills/behaviors Generalize behaviors to new situations Maintain new behaviors Reduce the complex, interfering behaviors Limit conditions where the complex behavior occurs
ABAs Focus ABA focuses on Behavior and its relationship to the environment what we all can see Clearly and explicitly defined procedures to describe how to change behavior Laws of behavior that have been experimentally demonstrated Primarily reinforcement and not punishment procedures
ABA is A = Applied Applied settings are used, such as: Classrooms Home environment Community settings Analyze Antecedents & Consequences What happens right before the behavior? Right after? What is in the environment that makes challenging behavior easier and more effective for that person ? The focus is on socially important behaviors.
ABA is B = Behavior Behavior means everything we do Behavior is lawful Behavior can be defined, observed, predicted, and managed and agreed upon by everyone Behavior is influenced by events and people just before and after the behavior has occurred This Includes Social Behavior
More About B = Behavior ABA Increase specific behaviors Decrease others BUT in positive ways (not through punishment procedures) So when considering what behaviors to decrease, think of a new, more appropriate easy behavior to be increased This easy behavior takes the place of the behavior decreased the Replacement Behavior
Behavior Analysis & Interventions Focus is on observable behavior Measurement of behavior change Emphasis on current environmental events and surrounding (including people) Antecedents Behaviors Consequences Behaviors are defined by their dimensions or properties Intervention procedures are clearly described Intervention implemented by people in everyday situations at home, in the community, at school
ABA is A = Analysis ABA is based upon daily data collection of challenging behaviors, interventions implemented and if Behavior(s) were increased? Behavior(s) were decreased? Treatment decisions are based on real-time, daily measurement of behavior Show me the DATA
Visualizing Problem Areas Communication Communication Social Skills Behavior Social Skills Behavior
Primary Tool the FBA FBA is a Functional Behavioral Assessment Not similar at all to the Functional Assessment (FA) During this process, the following is done: 1) Review of records and previous interventions 2) Interviews of individual, family, providers, other stakeholders 3) Direct observation across environments
Functional Behavioral Assessment 1) Operationally define problem behavior(s) 2) Identify events/situations which predict when the problem behavior will/won t occur 3) Identify the function the behavior(s) seem to serve 4) Develop summary statements which describe the behaviors, situations in which they occur, and what is maintaining them What s reinforcing the behavior(s)? 5) Direct observation to see if the function is correct Show me the DATA
Behavior Intervention Plan (BIP) The BIP is developed collaboratively by the TEAM: 1) FBA results reviewed 2) Determine the Replacement & Preferred behaviors 3) Individual intervention for problem behavior What and how will new behaviors be prompted? 4) Programmatic interventions for team members What will staff do to actively prevent challenging behaviors and prompt for new behaviors? 5) Progress monitoring Daily data collection & On-going evaluation
Behavior Serves 4 Broad Functions Access to attention (GET) Access to a tangible item (GET) Food, Events, Games, People Escape (GET AWAY) Attention, Demands, Non-preferred activities Automatic (GET) Self-stimulatory (not socially regulated)
Interaction is Bi-directional Your/Staff/Caregiver behavior impacts your client. Your client protests and he gets out of doing dishes. Your client learns to protest to get out of chores.
Interaction is Bi-directional Your client s behavior impacts you. Your client quits protesting when you let him out of doing dishes. You are more likely to allow him to escape chores to prevent/stop/remove protesting.
Interaction is Bi-directional Peers behavior impacts your client. Your client ignores her peer when they approach to talk. Your client learns if she doesn t respond, the other person will leave her alone.
Interaction is Bi-directional Your client s behavior impacts peers. Your client does not respond to peer s initiation. The peer is less likely to approach because their initiations are not reinforced by your client.
Changing the Interaction Because we know behavior is lawful It can be defined, observed, predicted, and managed, and It is influenced by events that happen after the behavior has occurred We can intervene and change it!
ABCs of Behavior Antecedent What happens right before the behavior? What in the environment tells the client something is here for me if I do X? Behavior The only behaviors of concern are socially important and socially relevant behaviors. Consequence What happens right after? (reinforcing or maintaining consequence) Consequence is important, but not for the reasons you think We need to find out what people get out doing something. What is the behavior trying to tell us? What is the function of that behavior?
ABCs or the 3-Term Contingency Big Bang Theory with Sheldon & Penny https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy_mIEnnlF4 Sheldon s Antecedent What does he do/say that makes him the A? Penny s behavior What does she do in response? What is the C?
Observable A-B-Cs By looking at what happened right before and after a behavior we understand the relationship between the environment and behavior A B C Antecedent Behavior Consequence Antecedents Behavior Consequence Son told No he can t use the car Daughter told to do a chore Son argues Dad gives in and gives him the keys Parent gets upset She mumbles & complains
Impacting Behavior Reinforcement/Punishment
One Point about Consequences We do something to get something Consequences are important, but not for what you might be thinking like teaching a lesson Consequences tell us what people get from their behavior What is the behavior trying to tell us? What is the function of that behavior?
ABC Wrap-Up ABCs are also known as the 3-Term Contingency Behavior does not occur in isolation. It is affected by events that happen before and events that happen after. In order to gain a clearer understanding of what is maintaining a behavior, we must look at all three pieces. Antecedent Behavior Consequence
Questions/ Comments Contact information Summer LeFebvre, LCSW, Behavior Consultant summer@alaskachd.org (907) 350-1257 Chris Sturm, M.Ed., Behavior Consultant chris@alaskachd.org (907) 891-1012 UAA s Center for Human Development 2702 Gambell Street, Suite #103 Anchorage, Alaska 99503
