Ancient Civilizations of the Fertile Crescent
Fertile Crescent Vocabulary
Geography of the Fertile Crescent
•
Fertile Crescent—a large arc of rich, or fertile,
farmland. It extends from the Persian Gulf to
the Mediterranean Sea.
•
Mesopotamia– Greek word that means
“between the rivers.” It is located between the
Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Map of the Fertile Crescent
Geography of the Fertile Crescent
•
Nomad-person who does not have a
permanent home. Early people moved from
place to place in search of resources.
•
Silt—a mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks. Silt is
brought to Mesopotamia by the yearly
flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Geography of the Fertile Crescent
•
Irrigation– a way of supplying water to an area of land.
•
Sumer-World’s first civilization. Started in
Mesopotamia
•
Sumerians—the people of the world’s first civilization.
The Sumerians settled in Mesopotamia in 3000 BC
•
City-state—a central city and all the countryside
around it.
The Rise of Sumer
•
Polytheistic/Polytheism—the worship of many
gods
•
Ziggurat- Sumerian temple
•
Social hierarchy—the division of society by
rank or class.
Sumerian Achievements
•
Cuneiform– the world’s first system of writing.
The Rise of Sumer
•
Empire—land with different territories and peoples
under a single rule.
•
Sargon—Akkadian emperor who extended the Akkadian
territory. He built a new capital, Akkad, on the Euphrates river,
near what is now the city of Baghdad. Sargon established the
world’s first empire. He was also the first to have a permanent
army.
Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent
•
Hammurabi- Babylonian ruler who built a city
on the Euphrates river, near what is now
Baghdad, Iraq. It had once been a Sumerian
city. He became the city’s greatest ruler.
•
Hammurabi’s Code– a set of 282 laws that
dealt with almost every part of daily life.
Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent
•
Hammurabi’s Code
Stele located in the
Louver Museum
Hammurabi’s Code is written
in Cuneiform.
Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent
•
Tribute-forced payment of goods or money
•
Hanging Gardens of Babylon-tiered garden
created by King Nebuchadnezzar. It was
considered to be on the ancient wonders of
the world.
•
Caravans-group of traveling merchants
Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent
•
Phoenicians—group of people on the western
end of the Fertile Crescent. They were
excellent sailors , therefore, they were able to
trade all around the Mediterranean area.
Their most famous city was Carthage located
in northern Africa. They created one of the
world’s first alphabets. They alphabet we use
today is based on the Phoenicians’
Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent
•
Chaldeans—group of people from the Syrian Desert
who defeated the Assyrian Empire. Their most famous
king was Nebuchadnezzar. He rebuilt the city of
Babylon.
•
Chariot—a wheeled horse-drawn cart used in battle.
•
Assyrians– group of people who in 900 BC began to
conquer all of the Fertile Crescent. Their capital city
was Nineveh. Their army was very well organized and
skilled.
Explore the geography and history of the Fertile Crescent, including Mesopotamia, Sumer, and later civilizations like Babylon. Learn about the rich farmland, nomadic lifestyle, irrigation methods, Sumerian achievements in writing, and the rise of empires under rulers like Sargon and Hammurabi.
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Presentation Transcript
Geography of the Fertile Crescent Fertile Crescent a large arc of rich, or fertile, farmland. It extends from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea. Mesopotamia Greek word that means between the rivers. It is located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
Geography of the Fertile Crescent Nomad-person who does not have a permanent home. Early people moved from place to place in search of resources. Silt a mixture of rich soil and tiny rocks. Silt is brought to Mesopotamia by the yearly flooding of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
Geography of the Fertile Crescent Irrigation a way of supplying water to an area of land. Sumer-World s first civilization. Started in Mesopotamia Sumerians the people of the world s first civilization. The Sumerians settled in Mesopotamia in 3000 BC City-state a central city and all the countryside around it.
The Rise of Sumer Polytheistic/Polytheism the worship of many gods Ziggurat- Sumerian temple Social hierarchy the division of society by rank or class.
Sumerian Achievements Cuneiform the world s first system of writing.
The Rise of Sumer Empire land with different territories and peoples under a single rule. Sargon Akkadian emperor who extended the Akkadian territory. He built a new capital, Akkad, on the Euphrates river, near what is now the city of Baghdad. Sargon established the world s first empire. He was also the first to have a permanent army.
Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent Hammurabi- Babylonian ruler who built a city on the Euphrates river, near what is now Baghdad, Iraq. It had once been a Sumerian city. He became the city s greatest ruler. Hammurabi s Code a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life.
Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent Hammurabi s Code Hammurabi s Code is written in Cuneiform. Stele located in the Louver Museum
Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent Tribute-forced payment of goods or money Hanging Gardens of Babylon-tiered garden created by King Nebuchadnezzar. It was considered to be on the ancient wonders of the world. Caravans-group of traveling merchants
Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent Phoenicians group of people on the western end of the Fertile Crescent. They were excellent sailors , therefore, they were able to trade all around the Mediterranean area. Their most famous city was Carthage located in northern Africa. They created one of the world s first alphabets. They alphabet we use today is based on the Phoenicians
Later Peoples of the Fertile Crescent Chaldeans group of people from the Syrian Desert who defeated the Assyrian Empire. Their most famous king was Nebuchadnezzar. He rebuilt the city of Babylon. Chariot a wheeled horse-drawn cart used in battle. Assyrians group of people who in 900 BC began to conquer all of the Fertile Crescent. Their capital city was Nineveh. Their army was very well organized and skilled.
