Analysis of Correctional Facilities and Inmate Populations in Fiscal Year 2018 and Beyond
The data presented includes information on incarceration rates, reduction of inmates in Oklahoma, operational impact of meeting comparison rates, capacity analysis of different facility types, and comparisons based on rated operating capacities. Key points include significant reductions in inmate numbers, comparisons with national averages, and insights into the state of correctional facilities in different states like Oklahoma, Kansas, Missouri, Arkansas, Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado.
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Department of Corrections Fiscal Year 2018 and Beyond BOARD OF CORRECTIONS JUNE 27,2017 1
U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics 2015 Incarceration Rates Rate Per 100,000 715 591 568 530 458 364 335 328 Oklahoma (2nd) National Average Arkansas (6th) Texas (7th) Missouri (8th) Colorado (27th) New Mexico (32nd) Kansas (34th) 2
Reduction of 2015 Oklahoma Inmates Required to Meet Comparison Rate 17,000 15,000 15,083 14,810 13,000 13,680 11,000 10,017 9,000 7,000 7,210 5,000 5,729 4,833 3,000 1,000 National Average Arkansas Texas Missouri Colorado New Mexico Kansas 3
Operational Impact If Oklahoma Met Comparison Rates Oklahoma Compared To Reduction in Inmates Required to Meet Comparison Rate Reduction in Beds National Average -10,017 7,826 contracted beds + 318 county jail waiting + a facility or two 1,873 Kansas - 34th -15,083 7,826 contracted beds + 318 county jail waiting + several facilities 6,939 Missouri - 8th -7,210 7,210 contracted beds Arkansas - 6th -4,833 4,833 contracted beds Texas - 7th -5,729 5,729 contracted beds New Mexico - 32th -14,810 7,826 contracted beds + 318 county jail waiting + several facilities 6,666 Colorado 27th -13,680 7,826 contracted beds + 318 county jail waiting + several facilities 5,536 4
Looking at Capacity Facility Type Rated Operating Capacity Inside Total Inmate Committed Population Inside Total as a Percent of Rated Operating Capacity Assessment and Reception 620 608 98% In Transit N/A 27 N/A State Institution 15,179 16,560 109% Community Corrections Center 2,103 1,899 90% Total State 17,902 19,094 107% Private Prison 5,950 5,826 98% County Jail Program 18 12 67% Halfway House 1,527 1,185 78% Total Contract 7,495 7,023 94% System Total 25,397 26,117 103% 5
Looking at Capacity Differently Facility Type Rated Operating Capacity Inside Total Inmate Committed Population Inside Total as a Percent of Rated Operating Capacity State Beds 17,902 26,117 146% 6
Oklahoma Prison Population Projections Crime and Justice Institute 40,000 35,798 35,457 34,978 34,438 33,782 32,838 35,000 31,889 31,364 30,919 30,137 28,580 30,000 29,608 28,760 28,580 27,676 25,000 26,786 26,490 26,457 26,405 26,329 26,273 26,266 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 Jan-16 Jan-17 Jan-18 Jan-19 Jan-20 Jan-21 Jan-22 Jan-23 Jan-24 Jan-25 Jan-26 Baseline With Task Force Recommendations 7
$1.9 Billion Price Tag $1.2 Billion to build 3 new prisons Two for male inmates One for female inmates $700 million in operating costs 8
Task Force Recommendations Revise: Drug penalties Property sentences Violent Offenders Expand: Levels of burglary Alternatives to incarceration Criminal justice safety valve Reserve 85% crime requirements 9
Even If Reforms Had Passed. Addresses growth not overuse 10
Actions Taken to Manage Growth Reduced county jail backup Maximized use of lower security beds Increased discharges Added temporary beds Increased achievement credits Implemented various policy changes 12
Actions Taken to Manage Growth (cont.) Changed post-sentencing jail time Changed effective dates for level promotion/demotion 85% crimes accrue credits Restructured disciplinary sanctions involving loss of credits Unbundled and expanded use of achievement credits 13
Actions Taken to Manage Population and Increase Efficiencies 14
Leased North Fork Correctional Center Moves began in July 2016 Created additional beds Reduction in temporary beds Safety Minimized costs Facilitated work center consolidation 15
Consolidated Work Centers Simplified agency logistics Consolidation of personnel and operating budgets Offered efficiencies Access to programs 16
Eliminated County Jail Contracts Oklahoma County Jail - May 2016. Jefferson County Detention Center July 2016 Choctaw, Comanche, Cotton, Craig, Jefferson, Leflore, Nowata, Okmulgee, Roger Mills and Tillman March 2017 Eliminating contracts: Aided with loss in appropriations Removed burdens Improved access to programs and services 17
Eliminated Temporary Beds Highest level May 2016 Removed 406 male medium-security temporary beds Removed 212 male minimum-security temporary beds Improved safety and security Increased programming opportunities 18
Current: Community Corrections Centers Oklahoma City Community Corrections Center Kate Barnard Community Corrections Center Kate Barnard Correctional Center Benefits: Increased utilization of beds Increased state beds for female inmates Decreased female county jail backup 19
Current: Intermediate Revocation Facility Bill Johnson Correctional Center Intermediate Revocation Facilities (IRF) Intensive services Unfunded mandate Court usage Investing in IRFs to increase placements Increased placements to decrease prison terms 20
Current: Mental Health Units Joseph Harp Correctional Center Benefits include: Recruitment of qualified mental health professionals Management of male inmates Minimal impact on beds Backfilling Oklahoma State Penitentiary 21
Summary Reduced county jail backup Maximized use of available beds Accelerated discharges Added/removed temporary beds Multiple policy changes 22
Summary (cont.) Leased North Fork Correctional Center Consolidated Work Centers Eliminated County Jail Contracts Currently: Re-purposing Oklahoma City and Kate Barnard Community Corrections Centers Expanding IRF at Bill Johnson Correctional Center Consolidating Mental Health Units 23
Program Needs Are Not Being Met Current inmate population Educational Cognitive behavioral FY 2016 inmates released from custody Substance abuse treatment Re-entry services Career technology 25
FY 2017 Program Expansions Implemented or expanded substance abuse treatment services Implemented transition workshops in all prisons Revised the Intermediate Revocation Facility (IRF) program Modified phase program at Oklahoma State Penitentiary Implemented cosmetology program at Mabel Bassett Correctional Center Expanded training for staff/volunteers on programs Added several career technology programs at Oklahoma State Reformatory 26
Budget 27
History of ODOC Appropriations Appropriation Change from Previous Fiscal Year 510,000,000 14.00% 12.70% 12.00% 500,000,000 10.00% 490,000,000 8.00% 6.00% 480,000,000 5.10% 4.00% 3.70% 470,000,000 2.80% 2.00% 0.80% 0.60% 460,000,000 0.00% -0.50% -0.70% -1.20% -2.00% 450,000,000 -2.70% -3.00% -4.00% 440,000,000 -5.30% -6.00% 430,000,000 -8.00% FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017* FY 2018 *FY 2017 through 5/31/17 28
FY 2017 Budget Work Program by Fund 280 Prison Industries 7.15% 210 Community Sentencing 0.17% 205 Welfare and Rec 1.24% Appropriated* - Funding Appropriated by the Legislature (Includes FY 2016 Revenue Refund and Carry Over) $493,564,398 200 Revolving 3.20% 410 and 430 Federal 0.40% 200 Revolving Fund Supports the agency s operating budget in conjunction with appropriated funding $17,975,348 205 Welfare and Rec. Fund Provides a source of funding for goods, services and equipment for the welfare of staff and inmates $6,963,020 210 Community Sentencing Fund Used by county planning councils in support of Community Sentencing for goods and services $949,297 280 Prison Industries Fund Used to support Prison Industries business operations. Funds may be used for the agency s operating budget $40,187,432 410 and 430 Federal Funds Used for inmate education, treatment and reentry $2,229,634 Appropriated 87.84% Total $561,869,129 *FY 2017 data through 5/31/17 29
FY 2017 Budget Work Program* by Division Category Divisional Operations 5% General/Central Operations 2% Community Sentencing 1% Information Technology 2% Payroll $277,433,129 Inmate Programs 1% OCI and Agri- Services 6% Contract Beds $124,201,440 Institutions/Commun ity/Probation and Parole 5% Medical Services $39,945,499 Medical Services 7% Institutions/Community/P&P $30,121,384 Inmate Programs $5,604,670 Community Sentencing $4,549,491 Payroll 49% Contract Beds 22% General/Central Operations $12,369,275 Divisional Operations $25,391,559 Information Technology $10,735,574 OCI and Agri-Services $31,517,108 Total $561,869,129 *FY 2017 data through 5/31/17 30
Fiscal Year 2016 Actual Expenditures Other* 3% Debt Service 1% Equipment 1% Food 4% Medical 7% Maint. / Repairs and Bldg. Const. 1% Utilities / Admin. 3% Salaries and Benefits 51% Private Prisons and Contracts 29% 31
Contracted Beds Expenditures and Population $160,000,000 9,000 7,960 7,865 7,792 8,000 7,410 $140,000,000 7,147 6,596 6,572 6,560 6,487 7,000 Inmates in Contracted Beds 6,405 $120,000,000 6,123 6,000 $100,000,000 5,000 $80,000,000 4,000 $60,000,000 3,000 $40,000,000 2,000 $20,000,000 1,000 $- 0 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017* County Jail Backup $12,900,000 $13,500,000 $14,300,000 $19,800,000 $19,500,000 $21,600,000 $23,600,000 $22,200,000 $9,500,000 $8,300,000 $10,200,000 County Jail Beds $6,200,000 $7,700,000 $7,400,000 $5,600,000 $7,200,000 $5,300,000 $6,900,000 $6,800,000 $6,600,000 $6,900,000 $2,300,000 Private Prisons $77,000,000 $78,200,000 $77,700,000 $76,700,000 $72,300,000 $72,900,000 $80,900,000 $92,200,000 $92,700,000 $94,300,000 $77,100,000 Halfway Houses $15,600,000 $17,500,000 $17,100,000 $16,500,000 $15,400,000 $15,000,000 $15,600,000 $15,200,000 $18,300,000 $18,500,000 $14,000,000 Total Contracted Bed and County Jail Backup $111,700,000$116,900,000$116,500,000$118,600,000$114,400,000$114,800,000$127,000,000$136,400,000$127,100,000$128,000,000$103,600,000 Inmates In Contracted Beds 6,572 6,596 6,123 6,560 6,405 6,487 7,410 7,792 7,960 7,865 7,147 Halfway Houses Private Prisons County Jail Beds County Jail Backup Inmates In Contracted Beds *FY 2017 data through 5/31/17 32
Yearly Appropriation Changes FY 2012 FY 2018 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 Base from previous Fiscal Year $462,141,777 $459,831,068 $463,731,068 $463,731,068 $470,900,943 $484,900,943 $483,400,943 Additional Appropriation Funds Rec d ($2,310,709) $3,900,000 - $7,169,875 $14,000,000 $1,610,612 Additional Appropriation Prison Industries Revolving Fund - - - - - ($1,500,000) ($1,000,000) Current Base $459,831,068 $463,731,068 $463,731,068 $470,900,943 $484,900,943 $483,400,943 $485,011,555 One-Time Supplemental - - $13,000,000 - $27,579,620 - - Appropriation Return - - - - ($27,579,620) ($2,964,017) - Appropriation Refund - - - - $10,164,879 - - Fiscal Year Total $459,831,068 $463,731,068 $476,731,068 $470,900,943 $495,065,822 $481,936,926 $485,011,555 Change from Previous Fiscal Year -0.5% 0.8% 2.8% -1.2% 5.1% -2.7% 0.6% 33
Budget Takeaways No recovery since the 2010 recession coupled with continued population growth Operations have been supported at the expense of staff Not competitive in recruitment and retention of staff Serious problems with current hiring rates Maintenance, repairs and replacement of infrastructure/equipment have been deferred or ignored to support operations Aging prison population resulting in increased health care costs Staff training and inmate programs have been sacrificed in an effort to support operations 34
Staffing Pay Raises Hiring and retention of staff is critical Cost of living adjustment Qualify for food stamps Turnover rates for staff Starting Pay for Correctional Officers Correctional officers in surrounding areas 7/11 Clerks Experienced staff separations/retirement 36
Inmates in State Facilities vs. Filled Correctional Officer* Positions Inmates in State Facilities Correctional Officers 20,000 2,100 19,500 1,600 19,000 1,100 18,500 18,000 600 17,500 100 17,000 16,500 -400 FY 2007 FY 2008 FY 2009 FY 2010 FY 2011 FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017 Inmates in State Facilities Correctional Officers 17,980 1,709 18,134 1,678 18,413 1,560 18,549 1,530 18,236 1,428 18,331 1,346 18,057 1,264 19,442 1,268 19,907 1,375 19,565 1,470 19,373 1,515 *Includes CSO I-IV s 37
Offenders on Probation and Parole Supervision vs. Filled Probation and Parole Officers* 35,000 325 300 30,000 275 250 25,000 225 200 20,000 175 150 15,000 125 100 10,000 75 50 5,000 25 0 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017* Offenders PPO's 31,323 300 31,052 302 30,479 303 27,749 275 24,929 243 23,884 246 24,153 247 24,790 247 25,938 244 26,929 247 29,327 260 Offenders PPO's *FY 2017 data through 5/31/17; Excludes Community Sentencing, GPS/EMP; Includes PPO I-III s 38
Number of Staff by Years of Service 4,500 4,124 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 1,981 2,000 1,500 1,000 572 494 441 500 303 207 126 0 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 Over 30 Total Staff 39
Correctional Officers* by Years of Service 1,600 1,515 1,400 1,200 1,040 1,000 800 600 400 179 200 112 102 51 16 15 0 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 Over 30 Total *Includes CSO I-IV s 40
Probation and Parole Officers* by Years of Service 300 260 250 200 150 116 100 40 39 50 35 15 14 1 0 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 Over 30 Total *Includes PPO I, II, III s 41
Inmates Age 50 and Over 6,000 5,340 5,298 5,257 4,977 5,000 4,591 4,278 4,083 3,977 4,000 3,608 3,500 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017* *FY 2017 data through 5/31/17 43
Inmates Receiving Services in One or More Chronic Medical Clinics 10,000 9,879 9,800 9,859 9,600 9,532 9,400 9,200 9,000 9,031 8,979 8,800 8,600 8,400 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY 2017* *FY 2017 data through 5/31/17 44
Inmates with Mental Health Needs 15,496 15,135 14,461 14,147 12,696 11,765 11,059 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017* *FY 2017 data through 5/31/17 45
Medical Cost Per Age Group FY 2017 Costs Through 5/31/17 (Outside Providers, Patient Specific Pharmaceuticals, Laboratory Services and Lindsay Hospital only) $9,000,000 $7,982,892 $8,000,000 $7,189,225 $7,000,000 $6,527,506 $6,000,000 $5,000,000 $3,859,151 $4,000,000 $2,743,242 $3,000,000 $2,000,000 $1,083,350 $1,000,000 $121,085 $40,163 $- 16 - 19 20 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69 70 - 79 80+ 46
Medical Cost Average Per Inmate, Per Age Group, FY 2017 Through 5/31/17 - Outside Provider, Pharmaceutical, Laboratory Services and Lindsay Hospital $9,000 15 $8,072.34 $8,000 $7,000 $6,000 $5,000 298 1,249 $4,000 $3,635.40 $3,089.79 3,695 $3,000 $2,160.46 5,706 $2,000 8,936 $1,259.94 6,498 $730.47 246 $1,000 $422.17 $163.26 $0 16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80+ 47
Inmates in State Facilities Compared to Health Services Staff 20,500 395 390 20,000 385 19,500 380 19,000 375 18,500 370 18,000 365 17,500 360 17,000 355 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017* State Fac Pop 18,236 18,331 18,057 19,442 19,907 19,565 19,094 Filled FTE 384.75 390.65 388.05 370.8 381.2 369.88 387.35 State Fac Pop Filled FTE *FY 2017 data through 5/31/17 48
Releases to Parole 1,400 1,252 1,146 1,200 1,090 1,000 941 909 785 751 800 659 600 386 370 400 265 200 0 FY2007 FY2008 FY2009 FY2010 FY2011 FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017* *FY 2017 data through 6/17/17 50
