American Literature EOC Review: Understand Literary Terms and Analyze Fiction Structures
Prepare for the American Literature EOC by learning common literary terms, analyzing fiction structures, and understanding the importance of tone and theme. Enhance your ability to identify and apply literary concepts through engaging activities and discussions.
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American Literature EOC Review
April 17, 2017 Warm-Up: Fill in today s goal on your Exit Ticket: By the end of today s lesson I should be able to identify, analyze, and apply knowledge of the structures of American fiction and provide evidence from a text to support my answers.
STRATEGY BOXKnow the Lingo Some of the questions on the American Literature and Composition EOCT will test your knowledge of common basic literary terms. If you understand what these terms mean, you will be able to better answer these questions. Study the terms until you are comfortable with them. Learning these literary terms will help you on more than just the EOCT. If you think about them whenever you read, you will begin to understand the many facets of literature.
MOST COMMON LITERARY TERMS ON AMERICAN LIT EOCT (5 min) 1. ALLITERATION 9. PERSONIFICATION 10. PUN 11. REFRAIN 12. REPETITION 13. SIMILE 14. SYMBOL 15. TONE 16. PARADOX 2. FLASHBACK 3. FORESHADOWING 4. HYPERBOLE 5. IRONY 6. METAPHOR 7. ONOMATOPOEIA 8. UNDERSTATEMENT
Activity 1 (5 min) Look at your list of the 16 most common literary terms on the EOCT Using the RED, YELLOW, AND GREEN MARKERS/PENCILS, underline each word according the key below. RED = I DO NOT KNOW HOW TO IDENTIFY THIS TERM IN LITERATURE YELLOW = I MIGHT BE ABLE TO IDENTIFY THIS TERM IN LITERATURE GREEN = I KNOW THIS TERM WELL AND CAN IDENTIFY IT EASILY IN LITERATURE
Activity 1 cont (5 min) Using your color coded list of literary terms: define 4 of the words you identified as red If you did not have any red words, define 4 of the words you identified as yellow If you labeled all of your words green, write a definition or example for any 4 words from memory (if you cannot do this from memory, you need to change your colors accordingly)
SPOTLIGHT ON TONE AND THEME The tone is the emotion created by the author s use of language or by a character s words and actions. It is also the author s attitude or feeling toward a person, a thing, a place, an event, or a situation. The tone may be formal, informal, playful, ironic, optimistic, or pessimistic. Theme is the underlying meaning in a piece of writing. Themes are usually universal meaning they are common truths that most people can relate to
FICTION a literary genre based on imagination and not necessarily on fact. Short stories and novels are examples. The Structures of Fiction Chronological from the beginning to the end Epistolary Novel written in the form of letters, diaries/journals, postcards, emails Frame narrative a story within a story; a narrator often tells the story In medias res - The novel or story begins with a significant moment. The rest of the novel fills in the events leading up to the significant moment. Flashback is used extensively in this novel structure.
Lets try a couple of practice questions! (5 min) For the next two questions, use the literature to support your answer choices. Answer silently on your paper. DO NOT SAY YOUR ANSWER OUT LOUD
1) Which quote by Henry David Thoreau BEST reflects transcendentalist ideals? A. It is never too late to give up your prejudices. B. Beware of all enterprises that require new clothes. C. On tops of mountains, as everywhere to hopeful souls, it is always morning. D. Read the best books first, or you may not have a chance to read them at all.
ANSWER TO # 1 To answer this question, you need to remember that transcendentalists believed in the unity of all beings, the innate goodness of humans, and the divinity found in nature. Choice C, which mentions all three of these aspects, is the BEST answer. The other three quotes make strong statements, but none discuss the ideas of nature and connectedness as well as C.
What does the imagery in the passage BEST suggest? The sun was up so high when I waked, that I judged it was after eight o clock. I laid there in the grass and the cool shade, thinking about things and feeling rested and rather comfortable and satisfied. I could see the sun at one or two holes, but mostly it was big trees all about, and gloomy in there amongst them. There was freckled places on the ground where the light sifted down through the leaves, and the freckled places swapped about a little, showing there was a little breeze up there. A. Huck understands the world by observing nature. B. Huck is more comfortable indoors than in the woods. C. Huck s future is bright and hopeful. D. Huck s night has been long and restless.
Answer to # 2 The correct answer choice, A, best describes the function of the imagery in the passage. The other answer choices are all inaccurate: he is clearly comfortable in the woods; in spite of the distant sunlight the overall scene is cool and gloomy; and he has obviously slept well because he is rested and rather comfortable.
TOTD Complete the questions from the Literary Elements sheet.
April 18, 2017 By the end of today s lesson I should be able to identify and analyze elements of poetry
Poetry and Rhyme Rhyme. Rhyme is the repetition of sounds, most commonly heard at the ends of lines in poetry, as in Twinkle, twinkle, little star / how I wonder what you are. On the next slide, you will learn about different types of rhyme you will encounter when analyzing poetry on the EOCT
Type End rhyme Definition Rhymes that occur at the end of a line of poetry; the most common type of rhyme Rhyme occurring within a line of poetry Example My dog was bad, Now I am mad Internal Rhyme Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary. Parable and shell, green and gone, bone and moon Slant rhyme The final consonant sounds are the same but the vowel sounds are different A kind of slant rhyme. Words have the same beginning and ending consonant sounds but a different vowel Uses repetition of similar vowel sounds. May occur in the initial vowel as in alliteration Consonance Chitter and chatter, spoiled and spilled Assonance All and awful, feet and sweep, lake and fate
Rhyme scheme Rhyme scheme is the pattern of rhymes in a poem Fixed Form poetry usually follows a simple rhyme scheme (like ababcdcd) Free Form or Free verse follows no specific guidelines about rhyme, meter, or length. Free verse tries to capture the cadence of regular speech. Some stanzas may rhyme but not in a regular scheme Blank verse is a poem written in unrhymed iambic pentameter, a pattern of five iambic feet per line. An iambic foot is one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.
Additional Poetic Devices Allusion: an implied or indirect reference to a person, placed for or thing Conceit: an extended simile or metaphor Metonymy: when the name of a thing is being substituted for another. White House and President Synecdoche: a part is used to represent a whole. Wheels used to represent car (buy some new wheels)
I WANDERD lonely as a cloud That floats on high o er vales and hills, When all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils; Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze. Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the Milky Way, They stretch d in never- ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly dance. The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee: A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund company: I gazed and gazed but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought: For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive mood, They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils Which feature of William Wordsworth s poem Daffodils is an example of conceit? A Daffodils are described as a crowd. B Daffodils are described as happy. C Daffodils are compared to stars. D Daffodils are compared to dancers.
Answer The correct answer is choice D. The daffodils are compared to dancers throughout the poem.
The Soul Selects Her Own Society By: Emily Dickinson The Soul selects her own Society Then shuts the Door To her divine Majority Present no more Personification? Metaphor? Unmoved she notes the Chariots pausing At her low Gate Unmoved an Emperor be kneeling Upon her Mat I ve know her from an ample nation Choose One Then close the Valves of her attention Like Stone Simile? Tone? Examples.
Answers Personification: the Soul shuts the Door. Metaphor: Dickinson uses the entire poem as a metaphor. She compares an individual s soul selecting the elements/companions of one s own life to the person exerting free will. Simile: Then close the Valves of her attention Like Stone Tone: This poem has a slightly serious tone. Words used by Dickinson which create imagery indicative of seriousness are soul, divine Majesty, and ample nation.
April 19, 2017 By the end of today s lesson I should be able to identify and analyze elements of Drama and Theme
Two Common Types of Drama A tragedy is a serious play that ends in disaster and sorrow. A comedy is lighthearted play intended to amuse the audience. Comedies usually end happily.
Dramatic Irony a situation in which the audience knows more than the character onstage
Which situation is an example of dramatic irony? Dramatic Irony : a situation in which the audience knows more than the character onstage A. A character s secret is overheard by someone hiding in the room. The audience can see the eavesdropper, but the character cannot. B. A character finishes a task and then says, Thanks so much for all your help to someone who has not offered any help. C. A play is staged with a three-walled set depicting a living room. The characters are unaware of the audience viewing the action through the missing wall. D. A play consists mainly of dialogue, spoken between two characters who sit in chairs upon an empty stage.
ANSWER The situation described in choice A is correct. Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows something that a character does not know; viewers are in on a secret of which the character is unaware.
A playwright wants an actor to deliver a line with a grimace, showing that he disapproves of the words he is saying. What dramatic device would the playwright use? A. dramatic irony B. Expressionism C. Stage directions D. minimalism
Theme vs. Main Idea The following slides will focus on THEME which is an important element on the EOCT
Theme The theme is the central idea or lesson of a text The theme is NOT The main idea which focuses only on the direct textual words The same as the plot (events in the story)
Still Confused about Theme? Here are some more points to consider: Does the title suggest the theme? How does the main character change by the end of the passage? Does the change reflect the theme? Are there any symbols in the work? (Symbols are often clues to the theme.)
Common Universal Themes American Individualism American Dream Cultural Diversity Tolerance
Which universal theme of American literature is MOST apparent in both passages? I was looking for myself and asking everyone except myself questions which I, and only I, could answer. It took me a long time and much painful boomeranging of my expectations to achieve a realization that everyone else seems to have been born with: That I am nobody but myself. [Mr. Pontellier] could see plainly that [his wife] was not herself. That is, he could see that she was becoming herself and daily casting aside that fictitious self which we assume like a garment with which to appear before the world.
April 20, 2017 By the end of today s lesson I should be able to Relate literary works to their historical setting or to their contemporary context AND Identify important ideas and locate support for those concepts within the text
Tone Is___ The author s attitude in a piece of writing How the author feels about the subject of their writing
Passage 1: What is the tone? The woman trudged through the heavy snow, struggling against the wind, her face shielded by a thick gray scarf. She kept her face down, her eyelids nearly closed, dark slits in a pale white face. Her shoulders sagged as if laden with a heavy burden, yet her arms were empty.
Passage 2: What is the tone of this passage? The woman danced across the snow, her feet barely leaving prints, her arms lifted upward, embracing the wind. She flung back her head and tossed her red hat into the air, lifting her face into the driving snow and allowing the snowflakes to caress her skin.
Which line best illustrates the passage s gloomy tone? A)Laurie lay luxuriously swinging to and fro in his hammock one warm September afternoon, wondering what his neighbors were about, but too lazy to go and find out. He was in one of his moods; for B)the day had been both unprofitable and unsatisfactory, and he was wishing he could live it over again. The hot weather made him indolent, and C)he had shirked his studies, tried Mr. Brooke s patience to the utmost, displeased his grandfather by practicing half the afternoon, frightened the maid-servants half out of their wits by mischievously hinting that one of his dogs was going mad, and, after high words with the stableman about some fancied neglect of his horse, D)he had flung himself into his hammock, to fume over the stupidity of the world in general.
Answer choice D is the best answer because it most thoroughly and vividly reflects the overall tone
What do the words of this passage suggest? I kept as still as I could. Nothing happened. I did not expect anything to happen. I was something that lay under the sun and felt it, like the pumpkins, and I did not want to be anything more. I was entirely happy. A The narrator enjoys fall weather. B The narrator is at peace with nature. C The narrator loves gardens. D The narrator is tired from traveling
Answer Because you have already answered the question with outdoor contentment and relaxation, you can quickly identify B as the correct answer.
