Advances in Veterinary Oncology: Understanding and Treating Spontaneous Cancers in Animals

Perhaps not well understood outside
the field
Spontaneous cancers
Dogs, cats (and horses)
Veterinary oncology
Prof. David Killick DipECVIM-CA FRCVS
drk@liverpool.ac.uk
Veterinary cancers
Spontaneous cancers
More recapitulation of the evolutionary process of cancer development in
people
Similar range of cancers as suffered by humans
But incidences vary
‘Lifestyle’ cancers (drinking, smoking, sexually transmitted viruses) are
less common
Veterinary Clinical
Oncology
Diagnosis
Cytology, histopathology, IHC,
flow, molecular pathology
(developing)
Staging with imaging (XR, US,
CT, MRI)
Treatment
Surgery
Radiation
LINACC based photons and
electrons
3d conformal, IMRT, VMAT etc
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy (basic
compared to modern human
oncology but developing)
Veterinary radiation
Patients staged
Imaged in the treatment position to
plan 3D radiation
Dose and fractionation prescribed
Patients treated under GA with port
imaging as required
Typical university veterinary site
Veterinary hospital
Patients
Veterinary specialists
Equipment
Experimental animal facilities
AWERB and ethics committees
Space for development (generally keen to
get biotech partners on site)
Leahurst
Neston nr Clatterbridge
University oncology services
Liverpool, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Bristol, RVC
Veterinary clinical research
Basis - Veterinary Surgeons Act
Routine veterinary practice
Investigation and management involving procedures and techniques likely to be of direct
benefit to the individual animal(s) – allows interventions which otherwise would be regulated
Clinical veterinary research
RVP plus work concurrently has an intention to generate new knowledge that benefits animals
Home Office license under ASPA
Planned work is not CVR AND involves procedures that breach the lower threshold outlined in
ASPA. ASPA work can in principle be done on veterinary patients, but bureaucracy quite high
See FAQ
https://www.rcvs.org.uk/setting-standards/advice-and-guidance/faqs--routine-veterinary-
practice-and-clinical-veterinary/
undefined
RCVS clinical veterinary research guidance
Ethical review is required for CVR
Client informed consent is required for CVR
An option to withdraw without penalty (to client or animal) is mandatory
and should be explicit in consent information
Rarely exercised
undefined
RCVS clinical veterinary research guidance
Novel procedures require a thorough harm / benefit analysis
Is there evidence that likely benefits outweigh likely harms?
Is procedure of equivalent benefit and likely to cause less harm than that
currently available?
Will the procedure improve overall animal welfare?
Is there a rescue plan in place?
Is the context appropriate (staffing, facilities, institutional support,
insurance)?
This is a general consideration for RVP.
Some things to consider
Patients come with a client
Generally interested in novel treatment
Quite a few diseases without optimal
treatment
Keen on radiation treatments with lower
numbers of fractionations (if treatment
effect can be maintained)
Concerned about costs
Concerned about adverse effect severity
Want a functional (ideally better!) pet back
Reduces housing / feeding costs etc
Need some client facing facilities
Clinical Veterinary Research
considerations
CVR requires a vet to be recommending
treatment
Reasonable expectation of beneficial effect
Flow of spontaneous diseases is variable
Can be increased through paid for trials
Anaesthesia of patients would need to be
done by a veterinary surgeon
Procedures outside those clinically
indicated would come under ASPA
No further regulatory training or reporting
considerations for CVR
Conclusions regarding clinical veterinary
research
Fewer barriers to entry
Limitations on what can be done with veterinary animals
Additional PR – clients etc
Disease models may be more relevant
Potential to have experimental and spontaneous animals on same
site
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Veterinary oncology, led by Prof. David Killick, delves into the realm of spontaneous cancers in dogs, cats, and horses, mirroring the cancer evolution in humans. The field covers diagnosis through cytology and imaging to treatments like surgery, radiation, and emerging immunotherapy. University veterinary sites offer specialized services and research opportunities, emphasizing benefits to individual animals and generating new knowledge for better care.

  • Veterinary oncology
  • Spontaneous cancers
  • Animal treatments
  • Veterinary research
  • Cancer evolution

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  1. Veterinary oncology Prof. David Killick DipECVIM-CA FRCVS drk@liverpool.ac.uk Perhaps not well understood outside the field Spontaneous cancers Dogs, cats (and horses)

  2. Veterinary cancers Spontaneous cancers More recapitulation of the evolutionary process of cancer development in people Similar range of cancers as suffered by humans But incidences vary Lifestyle cancers (drinking, smoking, sexually transmitted viruses) are less common

  3. Veterinary Clinical Oncology Diagnosis Cytology, histopathology, IHC, flow, molecular pathology (developing) Staging with imaging (XR, US, CT, MRI) Treatment Surgery Radiation LINACC based photons and electrons 3d conformal, IMRT, VMAT etc Chemotherapy Immunotherapy (basic compared to modern human oncology but developing)

  4. Veterinary radiation Patients staged Imaged in the treatment position to plan 3D radiation Dose and fractionation prescribed Patients treated under GA with port imaging as required

  5. Typical university veterinary site Leahurst Neston nr Clatterbridge University oncology services Liverpool, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Bristol, RVC Veterinary hospital Patients Veterinary specialists Equipment Experimental animal facilities AWERB and ethics committees Space for development (generally keen to get biotech partners on site)

  6. Veterinary clinical research Basis - Veterinary Surgeons Act Routine veterinary practice Investigation and management involving procedures and techniques likely to be of direct benefit to the individual animal(s) allows interventions which otherwise would be regulated Clinical veterinary research RVP plus work concurrently has an intention to generate new knowledge that benefits animals Home Office license under ASPA Planned work is not CVR AND involves procedures that breach the lower threshold outlined in ASPA. ASPA work can in principle be done on veterinary patients, but bureaucracy quite high See FAQ https://www.rcvs.org.uk/setting-standards/advice-and-guidance/faqs--routine-veterinary- practice-and-clinical-veterinary/

  7. RCVS clinical veterinary research guidance Ethical review is required for CVR Client informed consent is required for CVR An option to withdraw without penalty (to client or animal) is mandatory and should be explicit in consent information Rarely exercised

  8. RCVS clinical veterinary research guidance Novel procedures require a thorough harm / benefit analysis Is there evidence that likely benefits outweigh likely harms? Is procedure of equivalent benefit and likely to cause less harm than that currently available? Will the procedure improve overall animal welfare? Is there a rescue plan in place? Is the context appropriate (staffing, facilities, institutional support, insurance)? This is a general consideration for RVP.

  9. Some things to consider Clinical Veterinary Research considerations Patients come with a client Generally interested in novel treatment Quite a few diseases without optimal treatment Keen on radiation treatments with lower numbers of fractionations (if treatment effect can be maintained) Concerned about costs Concerned about adverse effect severity Want a functional (ideally better!) pet back Reduces housing / feeding costs etc Need some client facing facilities CVR requires a vet to be recommending treatment Reasonable expectation of beneficial effect Flow of spontaneous diseases is variable Can be increased through paid for trials Anaesthesia of patients would need to be done by a veterinary surgeon Procedures outside those clinically indicated would come under ASPA No further regulatory training or reporting considerations for CVR

  10. Conclusions regarding clinical veterinary research Fewer barriers to entry Limitations on what can be done with veterinary animals Additional PR clients etc Disease models may be more relevant Potential to have experimental and spontaneous animals on same site

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