Advancements in Klystron Efficiency and Technology at CERN

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Recent developments in klystron efficiency and technology at CERN are focused on increasing electronic efficiency, improving power consumption, and exploring new bunching technologies. Efforts include designing high-efficiency tubes for CLIC, retrofitting existing klystrons for improved performance, and utilizing innovative methods like Core Oscillations and Bunching Alignment Collecting. These advancements aim to achieve higher efficiencies, reduced modulator voltages, and improved overall performance of klystron-based systems.

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Klystron efficiency LCWS2017, Strasburg, 26 October 2017 Walter Wuensch, CERN

Current status We are operating four X-band test stands at CERN. All operate with solid state modulators. Two are using 50 MW klystrons. Original tube and design by SLAC, so-called XL-5. Current tubes and spare built by CPI. Collaborators are running a further 4+ tubes of this type, use expanding. We now study the implementation into a klystron-based version of CLIC. LCWS2017, Strasburg, 26 October 2017 Walter Wuensch, CERN

Observations on power consumption Electronic efficiency Current tube only about 45%. We have launched with SLAC a design study tube which incorporates the latest ideas about high efficiency. Should result in higher efficiency tube, >65% or so and lower modulator voltage, below 400 kV (from 430 kV). Solenoid Current normal conducting solenoid consumes 20 kW, same average power as klystron itself. Going to superconducting solenoid has the potential to reduce this consumption by an order of magnitude. Low field application so conductor of choice is MgB2. We look towards order demonstrator unit. PPM (Periodic Permanent Magnet) also potential solution but not clear if this is compatible with high-efficiency LCWS2017, Strasburg, 26 October 2017 Walter Wuensch, CERN

New ideas on klystron efficiency Commercial Prototype of High Efficiency S-band Pulsed BAC MBK Igor Guzilov1, Roman Egorov1, Gerard Mcmonagle2, Igor Syratchev2, Ben Woolley2 1JSC Vacuum device s basic technologies , Moscow, 117342, Vvedenskogo str.,3,k.1 RUSSIAN FEDERATION, 2CERN, CH-1211, Geneva 23, Switzerland To minimise the development risks and fabrication cost of the first BAC MBK prototype, we have decided to facilitate a retrofit design of an existing klystron; MBK KIU-147. It has been in production in Russia (FSUE Toriy ) for almost 15 years and operates at 60 kV, 290A with 42% RF power production efficiency. Figure 5: The efficiency (triangular) and RF power production (circle) in saturation at 3.003 GHz as functions of high voltage. LCWS2017, Strasburg, 26 October 2017 Walter Wuensch, CERN

High efficiency klystrons. New bunching technologies on one slide. Core Oscillations Method (5.75 m) Bunching Alignment Collecting, 2.44 m 133.8 kV, 12.55 A, 1.4 MW at 0.8 GHz, 80(+)% COM Core Stabilization Method BAC CSM_2L3B3, 1.88 m High Efficiency International klystron Activity. Since 2013. CSM igor.syratchev@cern.ch CSM_23B1, 1.72 m I. Syratchev

High efficiency klystron for FCC. PIC simulations with CST(3D) and MAGIC (2D) Efficiency 80.7% MAGIC HE compact (1.7 m) L-band, 1.4 MW, CW klystron for FCC has been design within HEIKA using CSM bunching technology. Efficiency 80.3% I. Syratchev

The choice of bunching technology may drive the applicable frequency range and multi-beam options (cost/performance): L-band S-band C-band X-band Kladistron CSM/modest MBK Medical/industrial CLIC klystron based X-band FEL BAC/MBK LHC,FSS,ESS,ILC 1/6 MW 5-10 MW, <60kV COM/single beam CLIC, TBA 50+ MW High perveance MBK HE tubes (!?) 10-20 MW I. Syratchev