Adrenal Androgens and Their Role in the Endocrine System
بسم ا الرحمن الرحيم
ENDOCRINOLOGY
The Adrenal Gland
Adrenal Androgens
Dr. Abeer Al-Ghumlas
Adrenal Cortex
The Adrenal Gland
√
√
(Cortisol)
Mineralocortico
(
)
A
n
d
r
o
g
e
n
s
Androgens are the hormones that exert masculinizing
effects and they promote anabolism and growth.
Testosterone
(
Testis)
the major active androgen
adrenal
androgens
(Adrenal Gland)
have less than 20% of testosterone
activity.
Adrenal cortex
M
a
l
e
s
e
x
h
o
r
m
o
n
e
s
(
A
n
d
r
o
g
e
n
s
)
•
Adrenal androgens
includes :
- dehydroepiandrosterone
(DHEA),
- Androstenedione.
F
e
m
a
l
e
s
e
x
h
o
r
m
o
n
e
s
•
Estrogens
•
Progesterone
•
The adrenal cortex in both sexes produces small
amounts of sex hormone of the opposite sex.
adrenal androgens (Adrenal Gland)
•
Produced from Zona reticularis in small amounts
•
Control of secretion of adrenal androgens is by ACTH
dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA):
•
It is the most abundant adrenal androgen
•
DHEA is the primary precursor of natural estrogens.
•
Normally they exert very little masculinizing effect (weak)
when secreted in normal amount (mild effect in female).
Androstenedione:
•
An androgenic steroid produced by the testes, adrenal cortex,
and ovaries
•
Androstenediones are converted metabolically to testosterone
and to estrogens in the fat and other peripheral tissues. It is an
important source of estrogen in men and postmenopausal
women.
•
Androstenedione were used as an athletic or body building
supplement.
Role of Androgens
Males
Spermatogenesis
Inhibition of fat deposition
Muscle mass
Brain: Androgen levels
have been implicated in
the
regulation
of
human aggression and
libido.
masculinization of the
developing male fetus
(including
penis
and
scrotum formation).
Females
growth of pubic and
axillary hair.
pubertal growth spurt
development
Androgens have potential
roles in relaxation of
the myometrium
preventing
premature
uterine
contractions in pregnancy
Adrenogenital syndrom
Excessive adrenal androgens secretion
•
Cause:
Adrenocortical tumors
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
•
inherited as autosomal recessive diseases
•
affect both boys and girls.
•
Due to deficiency of one of the enzymes of the
cortisol synthesis
(21-hydroxylase) and steroids are
'diverted' to becoming androgens.
•
Lead to increase ACTH leading to excessive
production of adrenal androgens
•
Tt: glucocorticoids
Adrenogenital syndrom
Excessive adrenal androgens secretion
Before birth
Psudohermaphrodite
After birth
Male
Female
Adrenogenital syndrom
Before birth
(female)
Psudohermaphroditism:
Before 12 weeks in
female fetus
XX true female with
external male
genitalia
Cause: exposure of
the mother to
excessive androgens
After birth (Male)
Precocious puberty
Early appearance of
male characters
Increase musculature
Development of
external genitalia
organ to adult size
No spermatogenesis
After birth (Female)
Virilization
Development of
male characters in
females:
Increase bulk of
muscles
Hoarseness
Increase body hair
Increase facial hair
Atrophy of the breast
Amenorrhea
Adrenogenital Syndrome
Adrenocortical tumor secretes excessive quantities of
androgens
that cause
intense
masculinizing
effects throughout the body.
In a female:
she develops virile characteristics, including: growth of a beard, a much deeper
voice, occasionally baldness, masculine distribution of hair on the body.
In prepubertal male
: a virilizing adrenal tumor causes the same characteristics
as in the female plus rapid development of the male sexual organ.
In the adult male
:
the virilizing characteristics of adrenogenital syndrome are
usually obscured by the normal virilizing characteristics of the testosterone
secreted by the testes.
It is often difficult to make a diagnosis.
However, the excretion of 17-ketosteroids (derived from androgens) in urine
may be 10 to 15 times normal, used in diagnosing the disease.
Explore the significance of adrenal androgens in the endocrine system, including their production, function, and impact on male and female physiology. Learn about conditions like adrenogenital syndrome and the crucial role of adrenal cortex in hormone synthesis.
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Presentation Transcript
ENDOCRINOLOGY The Adrenal Gland Adrenal Androgens Dr. Abeer Al-Ghumlas
The Adrenal Gland (Cortisol) Mineralocortico ( )
Androgens Androgens are the hormones that exert masculinizing effects and they promote anabolism and growth. Testosterone (Testis) adrenal androgens (Adrenal Gland) the major active androgen have less than 20% of testosterone activity.
Adrenal cortex Male sex hormones (Androgens) Female sex hormones Estrogens Adrenal androgens includes : - dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), - Androstenedione. Progesterone The adrenal cortex in both sexes produces small amounts of sex hormone of the opposite sex.
adrenal androgens (Adrenal Gland) Produced from Zona reticularis in small amounts Control of secretion of adrenal androgens is by ACTH dehydroepiandosterone (DHEA): It is the most abundant adrenal androgen DHEA is the primary precursor of natural estrogens. Normally they exert very little masculinizing effect (weak) when secreted in normal amount (mild effect in female). Androstenedione: An androgenic steroid produced by the testes, adrenal cortex, and ovaries Androstenediones are converted metabolically to testosterone and to estrogens in the fat and other peripheral tissues. It is an important source of estrogen in men and postmenopausal women. Androstenedione were used as an athletic or body building supplement.
Role of Androgens Males Females Spermatogenesis Inhibition of fat deposition Muscle mass growth of pubic and axillary hair. pubertal growth spurt development Brain: Androgen levels have been implicated in the regulation human aggression and libido. masculinization of the developing male fetus (including scrotum formation). of Androgens have potential roles in relaxation of the myometrium preventing premature contractions in pregnancy uterine penis and
Adrenogenital syndrom Excessive adrenal androgens secretion Cause: Adrenocortical tumors Congenital adrenal hyperplasia inherited as autosomal recessive diseases affect both boys and girls. Due to deficiency of one of the enzymes of the cortisol synthesis (21-hydroxylase) and steroids are 'diverted' to becoming androgens. Lead to increase ACTH leading to excessive production of adrenal androgens Tt: glucocorticoids
Adrenogenital syndrom Excessive adrenal androgens secretion After birth Before birth Male Psudohermaphrodite Female
Adrenogenital syndrom Before birth (female) After birth (Female) After birth (Male) Precocious puberty Virilization Psudohermaphroditism: Before 12 weeks in female fetus Early appearance of male characters Development of male characters in females: XX true female with external male genitalia Increase musculature Increase bulk of muscles Hoarseness Increase body hair Development of external genitalia organ to adult size No spermatogenesis Cause: exposure of the mother to excessive androgens Increase facial hair Atrophy of the breast Amenorrhea
Adrenogenital Syndrome Adrenocortical tumor secretes excessive quantities of androgens intense masculinizing masculinizing effects throughout the body. androgens that cause In a female: she develops virile characteristics, including: growth of a beard, a much deeper voice, occasionally baldness, masculine distribution of hair on the body. In prepubertal male: a virilizing adrenal tumor causes the same characteristics as in the female plus rapid development of the male sexual organ. In the adult male:the virilizing characteristics of adrenogenital syndrome are usually obscured by the normal virilizing characteristics of the testosterone secreted by the testes. It is often difficult to make a diagnosis. However, the excretion of 17-ketosteroids (derived from androgens) in urine may be 10 to 15 times normal, used in diagnosing the disease.
