Unlocking the Potential of Electric Cars for Climate Action in 2022

 
Find Out Why Electric Cars
Can Help
 
2022 Climate Superstars
Task #9
 
Learning Objectives
 
After completing this task, you will be able to…
Explain the differences between electric vehicle battery
components: a cell, a module, and a pack.
Explain what the three acronyms EV, PHEV, and HEV
stand for.
Name several recent model electric cars.
 
Vocabulary
 
Battery cell 
- basic unit of a battery that exerts electric energy by charging and
discharging
Battery module 
- a battery assembly put into a frame by combining a fixed
number of cells
Battery pack 
- final shape of the battery system installed in an electric vehicle
(e.g., 8 modules (12 cells per module) go into a battery pack
Carbon footprint
 - the total amount of greenhouse gases (including carbon
dioxide and methane) that are generated by our actions
Greenhouse gas emissions
 – gases that trap heat in the atmosphere including
carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide
 
Gasoline Powered Cars vs EV’s
 
Electric vehicles typically have a smaller
carbon footprint than gasoline cars, even
when accounting for the electricity used
for charging. Over the lifetime of an
electric powered vehicle, total
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
associated with manufacturing, charging,
and driving are typically lower than the
total GHGs associated with a gasoline
powered car. That’s because EVs have
zero tailpipe emissions and are typically
responsible for significantly fewer GHGs
during operation.
 
Source: 
EPA
 
An Old Idea is New Again
 
The electric vehicle was, in fact, developed before the internal combustion
engine vehicle
, but it did not become the mainstream in the market due to inefficient
battery technology. This is changing. Behind the EV revolution is a shift to the lithium-
ion battery from lead, nickel-cadmium, and nickel-metal-hydride batteries. Why?
Longer life, higher energy density, and better reliability. As battery technology
advances, more and more automakers are introducing electrified models.
To operate an electric vehicle (EV), an enormous amount of power – a thousand times
stronger than that of a smart phone – is required. That is why EVs need from dozens
of battery cells up to many thousands. The composition of an EV battery might vary
slightly depending on the type of electric vehicle, but generally EV batteries are
composed of cells, modules, and a pack.
 
Cells and Modules
 
Let's examine each term one by one. A
cell, which is the basis of a battery, must
possess high energy density. The cell also
needs to have a much longer lifespan
compared to batteries used in general
devices. Furthermore, cells must endure
shocks (e.g. heat and vibrations) during
driving, possess high reliability, and
performance stability to the extent of
being able to withstand high and low
temperatures.
 
Cells + Modules = Packs
 
When a number of cells are put into a
frame to protect them better from external
shocks this is called a module. When a
number of modules are combined with a
battery management system and a cooling
device, to control and manage
temperature, voltage, etc., this is called a
pack.  This is how the numerous cells
needed to power an EV are installed,
through the use of a battery pack.
 
What are the Different Types of Electric Cars?
 
There are three: purely electric vehicle (EV), plug-in hybrid EV (PHEV), and hybrid EV
(HEV).
An EV has only electric motors that run on battery power.
A PHEV uses both a gasoline powered engine and one or more electric motors with
a battery pack that can be charged by external power. A PHEV first uses battery
power until the stored electricity is used up, then the fossil fuel engine takes over.
A HEV uses both an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors to
maximize energy efficiency and minimize environmental pollution. Mainly it is
powered by an engine for general driving, and battery assistance when extra power
is needed. It charges the battery pack with its own power, so there is no need for
infrastructure like charging stations.
 
There are plenty of hybrid and
electric cars on the US market.
Check out 
this list
 of 
2022 models
.
 
Hybrid and Electric Cars on the Market
 
Action Item
 
Find a photo of your
favorite electric car or
draw an electric car of
the future and take a
picture of your drawing,
then upload it using the
form below.
 
What are the alternative
transportation options in
your community that
don't involve a car?
 
Paste 
an image of your
favorite electric vehicle
here.
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Electric vehicles (EVs) can greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions compared to gasoline cars, thanks to advancements in battery technology. The shift towards lithium-ion batteries has revolutionized the EV market, making them more efficient and reliable. Understanding the components of EV batteries, such as cells, modules, and packs, is crucial for grasping their environmental benefits. Explore why EVs are becoming key players in combating climate change.


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  1. Find Out Why Electric Cars Can Help 2022 Climate Superstars Task #9

  2. Learning Objectives After completing this task, you will be able to Explain the differences between electric vehicle battery components: a cell, a module, and a pack. Explain what the three acronyms EV, PHEV, and HEV stand for. Name several recent model electric cars.

  3. Vocabulary Battery cell - basic unit of a battery that exerts electric energy by charging and discharging Battery module - a battery assembly put into a frame by combining a fixed number of cells Battery pack - final shape of the battery system installed in an electric vehicle (e.g., 8 modules (12 cells per module) go into a battery pack Carbon footprint - the total amount of greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide and methane) that are generated by our actions Greenhouse gas emissions gases that trap heat in the atmosphere including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide

  4. Gasoline Powered Cars vs EVs Electric vehicles typically have a smaller carbon footprint than gasoline cars, even when accounting for the electricity used for charging. Over the lifetime of an electric powered vehicle, total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with manufacturing, charging, and driving are typically lower than the total GHGs associated with a gasoline powered car. That s because EVs have zero tailpipe emissions and are typically responsible for significantly fewer GHGs during operation. Source: EPA

  5. An Old Idea is New Again The electric vehicle was, in fact, developed before the internal combustion engine vehicle, but it did not become the mainstream in the market due to inefficient battery technology. This is changing. Behind the EV revolution is a shift to the lithium- ion battery from lead, nickel-cadmium, and nickel-metal-hydride batteries. Why? Longer life, higher energy density, and better reliability. As battery technology advances, more and more automakers are introducing electrified models. To operate an electric vehicle (EV), an enormous amount of power a thousand times stronger than that of a smart phone is required. That is why EVs need from dozens of battery cells up to many thousands. The composition of an EV battery might vary slightly depending on the type of electric vehicle, but generally EV batteries are composed of cells, modules, and a pack.

  6. Cells and Modules Let's examine each term one by one. A cell, which is the basis of a battery, must possess high energy density. The cell also needs to have a much longer lifespan compared to batteries used in general devices. Furthermore, cells must endure shocks (e.g. heat and vibrations) during driving, possess high reliability, and performance stability to the extent of being able to withstand high and low temperatures.

  7. Cells + Modules = Packs When a number of cells are put into a frame to protect them better from external shocks this is called a module. When a number of modules are combined with a battery management system and a cooling device, to control and manage temperature, voltage, etc., this is called a pack. This is how the numerous cells needed to power an EV are installed, through the use of a battery pack.

  8. What are the Different Types of Electric Cars? There are three: purely electric vehicle (EV), plug-in hybrid EV (PHEV), and hybrid EV (HEV). An EV has only electric motors that run on battery power. A PHEV uses both a gasoline powered engine and one or more electric motors with a battery pack that can be charged by external power. A PHEV first uses battery power until the stored electricity is used up, then the fossil fuel engine takes over. A HEV uses both an internal combustion engine and one or more electric motors to maximize energy efficiency and minimize environmental pollution. Mainly it is powered by an engine for general driving, and battery assistance when extra power is needed. It charges the battery pack with its own power, so there is no need for infrastructure like charging stations.

  9. Hybrid and Electric Cars on the Market There are plenty of hybrid and electric cars on the US market. Check out this list of 2022 models.

  10. Find a photo of your favorite electric car or draw an electric car of the future and take a picture of your drawing, then upload it using the form below. Action Item Paste an image of your favorite electric vehicle here. What are the alternative transportation options in your community that don't involve a car?

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