The physiology of pain, including its definition, types, causes, nociceptive pathway, transmission, and more. Gain a comprehensive understanding of pain terminology and different phases of nociceptive pain.

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Explore the intricate system of plant transport through xylem and phloem, from how roots absorb water to the pressure-flow hypothesis in sugar transport. Learn about the evolution, structure, and function of vascular tissues and the critical role of transpiration. Dive into the classification of pla

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Exploring the anatomy and physiology of the larynx, this content discusses the location, movements, and cartilages of the larynx. Details on the unpaired (thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis) and paired (arytenoid, corniculate, cunieform) cartilages are provided, along with their functions and characterist

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Plants utilize xylem and phloem to transport water, nutrients, and minerals throughout their structures. Xylem moves water and mineral salts from roots to leaves, while phloem transports sugars and amino acids from leaves to the rest of the plant. Nutrient acquisition involves passive and active tra

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This comprehensive lecture outline delves into the intricate mechanisms of water and nutrient transport in plants. Topics covered include the roles of xylem and phloem, root water uptake processes, cohesion-tension mechanism, transpiration, stomatal function, sugar transport in phloem, and the press

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Welcome to the ASCCC OERI webinar focused on Open Educational Resources (OER) for Anatomy, Physiology, and Microbiology. This event discusses the adoption of OER in California Community Colleges, challenges faced in Anatomy and Physiology, available resources, and potential strategies to increase OE

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Exploring the organization and general principles of gastrointestinal physiology, this content covers the anatomical and functional aspects of the GI system, including smooth muscle characteristics, neural control, blood flow, nutrient absorption, waste excretion, and regulatory functions like immun

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Fibres are vital materials used in various industries. They are classified into natural, artificial, and synthetic categories based on their source. Differentiation of fibres occurs in pericyclic, phloem, and xylem regions. Identification involves microscopical examination, physical tests, and chemi

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Ensuring safety in the physiology laboratory is paramount. Adhering to the set rules is crucial to prevent accidents and ensure a productive learning environment. Rules include proper handling of chemicals, wearing appropriate attire, avoiding lab access without supervision, and respecting lab equip

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Explore the key components of plant transport systems including organs, tissues, and the roles of xylem and phloem in transporting water, sugars, and minerals essential for plant life. Engage in activities, assessments, and a video to deepen your understanding.

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Bacterial physiology encompasses the growth, nutrition, and metabolism of bacteria. Bacterial growth involves binary fission, generation time, colony formation, and is influenced by various factors such as temperature, atmosphere, moisture, and radiation. Understanding the classification based on te

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Water plays a crucial role in the physiology of plants, with most absorbed water being translocated to leaves and lost through transpiration and guttation. While essential for turgidity and mineral translocation, plant water use is often inefficient. Transpiration is the primary mode of water loss,

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Explore the intricate processes of synaptic transmission, neurotransmitters, spatial summation, temporal summation, chemical substances acting as neurotransmitters, and the effects of various factors and drugs on synapse function. Delve into the clinical significance of sedative-hypnotic drugs and t

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Taste perception on the tongue is a vital sensory function involving sweet, sour, salty, and bitter sensations. The tongue, with its muscular movements and taste buds, plays a crucial role in mastication, swallowing, and food enjoyment. Different types of papillae on the tongue are responsible for t

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Learn about the structural differences between xylem and phloem vessels, the role of stomata in plant leaves, and how water loss occurs through transpiration. Discover how guard cells regulate stomata openings and watch a video explaining transpiration processes in plants. Test your knowledge with s

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Sap ascent in plants, primarily through xylem, is crucial for transporting water and nutrients. Theories such as vital force, root pressure, and cohesion tension attempt to explain this process, highlighting mechanisms like osmotic concentration and electro-osmotic potential. Root pressure theory pr

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Dive into the intricate details of cardiac electrical activity in this lecture led by Physiology Team 436. Explore topics like the cardiac conductive system, action potentials, refractory periods, excitation-contraction coupling, and the effects of autonomic stimulation on heart electrophysiology. D

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Microbial nutrition involves essential elements required for microbial growth and energy production. Bacterial physiology delves into the structures and functions that enable bacteria to thrive, from cell wall composition to enzyme activities. Major elements like C, O, H, N, S, and P are crucial for

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Root pressure is the pressure developing in xylem vessels due to metabolic activities of the roots. It is an active process driven by osmotic mechanisms and the absorption of salts by the roots. This pressure plays a key role in translocation of water, affecting factors like respiration, exudation r

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Vascular cambium is a crucial growth layer in stems and roots, responsible for producing xylem and phloem in plants. It originates from the maturation of procambium cells, differentiating into storied and non-storied cell types. It plays a vital role in secondary growth by generating new wood in woo

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Root and stem in plants form a continuous structure with a transition region between them. The transition involves twisting and inversion of xylem strands, leading to variations in vascular bundles. Eames and Mac Daniels identified different types of vascular transitions in dicots and monocots, each

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Plant mineral nutrition involves the absorption and translocation of ions across roots. Salts are absorbed passively and actively, with ions moving into the root's apoplasm via free diffusion. The Casparian strip in endodermal cells acts as a barrier, allowing ions to pass only through the protoplas

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Secondary growth, resulting from cambial cell division, thickens stems and roots in plants. This process involves cambium, a tissue layer between xylem and phloem, responsible for secondary growth. Cambium ray initials give rise to vascular rays and secondary xylem/phloem. The seasonal activity of c

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Explore the intricate process of transpiration in plants, focusing on the roles of stomata, guard cells, and water movement. Learn about the structural differences between xylem and phloem vessels, stomata's function in regulating gas exchange, and how environmental factors impact transpiration rate

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This course in Plant Anatomy at Lahore College for Women University delves into the detailed examination of wood structures in Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. It involves analyzing prepared slides of fossil plant material, studying shoot and root meristems, and understanding the differences between har

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Plant physiology is a crucial subdiscipline of botany that delves into the processes and functions operating within plants. This field closely examines areas like plant morphology, ecology, cell biology, and genetics, shedding light on vital processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and more. T

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Chlorophyll fluorescence is a powerful tool developed in the 1990s for studying plant physiology and stress. It provides insights into photosynthetic processes at different levels, from subcellular to canopy. By measuring chlorophyll fluorescence, researchers can assess the efficiency of photosynthe

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Biology is a broad scientific field encompassing the study of living organisms and their various aspects, from anatomy and physiology to genetics and evolution. Branches of biology include anatomy, histology, cytology, physiology, embryology, genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, zoology, botan

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Exploring the intricate structures of xylem and phloem, essential components of plant vascular bundles. Discover the functions and components of xylem, including tracheides and vessels, as well as the patterns of secondary thickening. Learn about the roles of phloem in transporting nutrients through

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Dr. Mahdi H. Hammadi, PhD, Sc. in Clinical Physiology, provides an insightful look into the bones of the appendicular skeleton, including the shoulder girdle, upper limbs, wrist bones, and hand bones. The text covers the composition and functions of these skeletal elements in a comprehensive manner,

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The process of how plants transport nutrients and respond to their environment is demonstrated through labs focusing on protein transport, water absorption by roots, and control of transpiration using mechanisms like diffusion, osmosis, and symbiotic relationships with fungi. Various components in p

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This module explores the transportation processes in plants, focusing on how water and nutrients are absorbed through roots, the role of root hairs, vascular tissue, xylem and phloem in transporting substances, and the important process of transpiration in cooling and water release. It highlights th

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Plant cell walls play a crucial role in providing structure and protection to plant cells. This article delves into the composition of primary and secondary cell walls, highlighting the presence of cellulose, pectins, and glycans. The secondary cell wall, rich in lignin, offers mechanical support, e

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Maize root anatomy involves various specialized structures such as the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, and vascular tissue. The epidermis is crucial for absorption and protection, while the cortex plays a role in providing support and storage. The endodermis acts as a barrier and regulates

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Plant tissues are groups of cells with similar structures and functions. They can be classified into meristematic, permanent, and secretory tissues. Meristems are regions of continuous cell division found in plant tips and cambium, essential for growth. Primary meristems are present from the embryo

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Plants are categorized into four groups: Mosses, Ferns, Conifers, and Flowering Plants. Mosses reproduce by spores and lack roots or xylem vessels. Ferns reproduce via spores, while conifers reproduce with seeds found in cones and have needle-shaped leaves. Flowering plants reproduce using seeds fou

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Delve into the intricate world of plant biology with discussions on osmosis, diffusion, active transport, root pressure, transpiration, cohesion, adhesion, and turgor pressure. Explore how water and nutrients are absorbed by roots, transported through xylem to the leaves, and how sugars are produced

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Explore the fascinating journey of water in plants, starting from absorption by root hairs in the soil to its transportation through the root structure, including the cortex pathways, and into the xylem tissue for support and further distribution. Discover the essential role of xylem vessels and tra

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Explore how plants move water and nutrients using diffusion and active transport. Conduct a hands-on activity with celery to observe the process in action. Gain insights into the role of xylem in plant physiology.

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Explore the basics of exercise physiology, including physiologic responses to acute exercise, functional adaptations to chronic exercise, and the mediation of health effects. Learn the difference between physical activity and exercise, the concept of work in exercise, and the energy expenditure invo

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