Understanding the types of gases encountered in tunnelling is crucial for safety. Gases like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, methane, and hydrogen sulfide are common in TBM environments. Proper gas monitoring sensor placement inside the TBM is essential to detect hazardous gas leve

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The power transmission and distribution network at the tunnel boring machine (TBM) site involves electrical motors, generators, transformers, and power cables to efficiently operate TBMs for tunnel construction. The system includes multiple generators, transformers, junction boxes, and power distrib

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This detailed guide covers the grouting technique used in soft ground tunnelling operations, focusing on stabilizing tunnel segments and reducing ground settlement by filling annular spaces with different types of grouts. It includes information on laboratory tests, trial mix designs, technical requ

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