The passage delves into the life of Margulies, detailing his meticulous routine and contemplation of time in the Soviet context. It reflects on themes of industrial progress, historical backwardness, and the intertwining of time and life. Additionally, it references Stalin's vision for economic adva

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Explore the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) for Soviet and post-Soviet documents accessible to both Russian and international researchers. Learn how to obtain a researcher pass, request materials, utilize electronic finding aids, and search for specific terms and files remotely. Disco

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The European Research Area (ERA) aims to boost research and innovation investments, enhance market uptake, and promote excellence by prioritizing certain objectives. With significant achievements in R&D expenditure and researcher growth, the ERA is focusing on deepening and broadening its impact thr

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Amid post-World War II developments and contrasting ideologies, the Cold War emerged, marked by Yalta and Potsdam Conferences, the Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, the Berlin Blockade, NATO's formation, and more. Various perspectives exist on the roots of U.S.-Soviet tensions, with the Soviet vis

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Explore the complex dynamics of the Cold War era through a series of questions and analyses. Uncover the factors behind the hostile relations between the USA and the Soviet Union from 1945 to 1949, including the Berlin Blockade and key conferences like Yalta and Potsdam. Delve into the breakdown of

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This detailed content outlines the history and evolution of extension education and development in India, from early initiatives by outstanding individuals to the establishment of agricultural research institutions and the implementation of various schemes for rural reconstruction. It covers key sta

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The Era of Good Feelings (1817-1823) marked a period of national unity and political agreement in the United States, leading to a focus on expansion and development. This era saw significant diplomatic achievements and a surge in westward migration, particularly to areas like the Old Northwest and O

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Joseph Stalin rose to power in the USSR after Lenin's death, implementing totalitarian control through purges, collectivization, and propaganda. His regime led to millions of deaths, forced labor camps, and a cult of personality, shaping Soviet society through fear and oppression.

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In the late 20th century, the collapse of the Soviet Union under Gorbachev's leadership ushered in a new era of economic, political, and social change. Gorbachev's policies of glasnost and perestroika opened up Soviet society, leading to nationalist movements and ultimately the dissolution of the US

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Queen Elizabeth's death, James I's reign, Charles I's civil war, and Cromwell's era marked the early 17th century. Major literary works by Donne, Jonson, and Bacon flourished, reflecting the social and political turmoil of the time. Jacobean writers like Herbert and Marvell emerged, paving the way f

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The journey of optical technology evolution spans from the invention of the telegraph in 1836, through the introduction of optical fibers in 1978, to the development of photonic integrated circuits in the present era. Key milestones include the advent of optical amplifiers in 1990, the emergence of

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Life under the Taliban regime in Afghanistan was marked by strict rules and harsh restrictions, especially for women. The people faced curfews, limitations on education and work, and severe punishments for non-compliance. The Soviet occupation brought its own set of challenges, with significant chan

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The Cold War, lasting from post-World War II to the 1980s, was defined by political tension and rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union. Despite never engaging in direct military combat, both sides competed through political maneuvering and propaganda, impacting global conflicts and t

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The dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991 marked the end of an era, with the Revolution of 1989 seeing Soviet states revolt, culminating in the fall of the Berlin Wall symbolizing the collapse of Communism. Gorbachev's resignation on December 25th, 1991, swiftly followed by the dissolutio

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The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 triggered a significant shift in international relations. The US responded with protests, sanctions, and support for Afghan rebels, leading to the collapse of detente. The conflict eventually led to the withdrawal of Soviet troops in 1990, contributing to t

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The Cold War was characterized by the rocky relationship between the U.S. and the Soviet Union, the division of Germany and Poland, the concept of the Iron Curtain, the Truman Doctrine, military alliances like NATO and the Warsaw Pact, and the political dynamics of the Korean War. Tensions over diff

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The chapter delves into the breakdown of the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union post-World War II. Tensions rose as the Red Army occupied Eastern Europe and communism seemed to spread. The Marshall Plan's role in restoring Western Europe, coupled with events like the Cze

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The 4th Conference on Advancement of Social Work in Post-Soviet Countries discussed future strategies for social work education, emphasizing the importance of developing knowledge domains, educating social workers, providing services, research, and policy-making. It highlighted the interdisciplinary

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This historical overview delves into the significance of airpower during the Cold War era, exploring key events such as the National Security Act of 1947, the Berlin Airlift, and the Cuban Missile Crisis. It outlines the establishment of the United States Air Force, the circumstances post-WWII, the

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The period from the 1950s to the 1960s was marked by intense competition between the Soviet Union and the US in the realms of espionage, space exploration, and nuclear armament. The Cold War rivalry led to significant advancements in technology and heightened tensions, culminating in key events like

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The collapse of communism in the Soviet Union was influenced by factors such as a home-grown insurgency, the rise of the Polish trade union Solidarity, and the reforms initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev. Solidarity, led by Lech Walesa, played a significant role, supported by the Catholic Church. Gorbach

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The Cold War intensified as the Soviet Union detonated an atomic bomb, leading to heightened tensions. Communist advancements, including the takeover of communist China, shocked the world. Nuclear arsenals expanded with the development of the hydrogen bomb, sparking concerns of an arms race. Eisenho

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The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 marked a significant episode in the Cold War era, challenging Soviet dominance and leading to widespread consequences. The uprising, led by Imre Nagy, faced brutal Soviet suppression, resulting in thousands of casualties and reinforcing Soviet control over Hungary. T

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The Rosenberg Trial during the Cold War era exemplified the heightened tensions of the time, showcasing accusations of espionage, Communist subversion, and anti-American sentiment. Julius and Ethel Rosenberg faced allegations of passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union, amid a backdrop of fear and

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The early Cold War period saw heightened tensions between America and the Soviets, with key events like the Long Telegram and Crisis in Iran shaping America's containment policy. Diplomat George Kennan's Long Telegram highlighted Soviet insecurity, leading to the policy of containment. Crisis in Ira

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The post-World War II era saw the U.S. engaging in the Korean War to combat communism, facing off against North Korea and China instead of Russia. Conflict in China between the Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek and the Communists under Mao Tse-tung intensified, with Chiang's authoritarian rule spa

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Detente, a relaxation of tensions between the US and Soviet Union, was driven by economic and political factors. The nations aimed to limit the nuclear arms race, improve living standards, and establish peaceful relations. The Soviet Union faced economic challenges, leading to a focus on social refo

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Dr. John Heathershaw from the University of Exeter, UK, presented on Political Islam and internal politics in Central Asia at the University of Pittsburgh in 2014. The presentation explores topics like Islamic-Secular dialogue, post-Soviet Muslim radicalization, and common claims about Political Isl

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The Cold War emerged from the tensions between the Communist Soviet Union and the Capitalist Democratic US and its allies after WWII. The conflict led to the Western Bloc led by the US and the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviets. The US implemented the Truman Doctrine and Policy of Containment to preven

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The European Railway Agency (ERA) plays a crucial role in enhancing cooperation between rail and buses through Telematics Applications. Established in 2004, ERA focuses on recommending legislation, ensuring interoperability, and enhancing safety in the European rail network. Recommendations made by

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The Hungarian Uprising of 1956 was a pivotal event in Hungary's history, marked by protests against Soviet oppression and the leadership of Matyas Rakosi. Khrushchev's decision to replace Rakosi with Imre Nagy reflected a shift in Communist leadership. The demands for free speech and withdrawal of S

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At the conclusion of World War II, Korea was temporarily divided into Soviet-occupied North and American-occupied South zones. The Korean War broke out in 1950 when North Korean troops crossed the 38th parallel. United Nations forces intervened, leading to a stalemate with Chinese involvement. Gener

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The period after World War II saw tensions intensify between the United States and the Soviet Union, leading to a global struggle for influence. The arms race, the space race, and significant international conflicts all heightened Cold War tensions. President Eisenhower's response to communism diffe

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The era of Soviet regime in Azerbaijan was marked by severe repression against the national scientific and literary community. From early Bolshevik governance in 1920 to the 1930s, countless individuals, including prominent intellectuals, government members, and ordinary citizens, faced unjust trial

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The study examines the transformation of Russian journalism from the post-Soviet era through two surveys conducted in 1992 and 2008. It delves into changes in professional structures, job conditions, and orientations, shedding light on the historical contexts and regional representations. Primary da

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Stalin's impact on Soviet society and culture was significant, with a mix of promoting change and continuity. This essay evaluates the extent of transformation in areas such as standard of living, attitudes, arts, ethnicity, gender roles, and family life. While Stalin's conservative policies reinsta

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Postwar America (1945-1960) Lesson 1 explores the unraveling of the wartime alliance between the United States and the Soviet Union, President Truman's response to Soviet aggression in Eastern Europe, and the causes and results of Stalin's blockade of Berlin. The background of the Cold War, Soviet a

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Explore the aftermath of Khrushchev's ouster, the impact on the Cold War, shifts in Soviet foreign policy due to Vietnam, the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia, and the rise of the Brezhnev Doctrine, along with key points and leadership changes during this period.

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Socialist Realism emerged as the fundamental method of Soviet literature and art, emphasizing truthful and historically concrete depictions of reality within a revolutionary context. It required artists to engage in ideological transformation and educate the masses in the spirit of socialism. This a

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