Exploring the philosophy of science in psychology, this content delves into key concepts such as positivism, logical positivism, the Vienna Circle, and the scientific process according to positivists. It discusses influential thinkers like Wittgenstein, Popper, Kuhn, and Feyerabend, shedding light o

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Auguste Comte, born in 1798, is renowned as the father of sociology who coined the term. He made significant contributions to social theory, particularly with his "Laws of Three Stages" and the positivist philosophy. Despite personal struggles, he published influential works and left a lasting impac

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The field of International Relations (IR) encompasses various theories that seek to explain global phenomena, drawing from disciplines like history, philosophy, and economics. Theory, derived from contemplation and speculation, organizes ideas to explain issues such as state emergence, conflict caus

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H.L.A. Hart's theory of law, as outlined in his book "The Concept of Law," presents a unique perspective on the relationship between law and morality. Hart's concept differs from earlier legal positivist theories and he categorized later positivism into Inclusive, Exclusive, and Interpretative group

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The Analytical Positivism school, also known as the Austinian school, emphasizes a sharp separation between law and morality. It views law as a command and emphasizes the importance of law as it is, rather than how it ought to be. This approach, championed by thinkers like John Austin and Jeremy Ben

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Delve into the world of Ethical Studies with this comprehensive course overview. Explore themes like Ethical Language and Thought, Natural Law, Situation Ethics, and more. Engage in activities like Virtue Ethics starters, fortune line graphs, and discussions on moral dilemmas. Dive into the principl

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Marshall Deodoro da Fonseca led the First Republic of Brazil, embracing Positivism as a guiding philosophy. The era witnessed the clash between Orthodox and Heterodox Positivists, urban reforms in cities like Rio de Janeiro, and the intertwining of positivism with republicanism. The period also saw

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Explore various schools of legal philosophy such as natural law, legal positivism, legal realism, legal process, and critical legal studies. Discover the evolution of civil rights through key amendments and landmark cases shaping modern legal interpretations.

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Explore the concept of binding precedent in legal English, focusing on how similar cases are treated alike in civil law and common law systems. Learn about the history behind the establishment of binding precedents and the role of key entities like the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting. Delve in

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The Symbolist Movement in literature emerged in France in the 1850s, lasting till 1900, influencing 20th-century arts and bridging Realism to Modernism. Symbolists aimed to convey personal, dream-like states with metaphorical language, challenging positivism and realism. Stylistically, they emphasiz

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The evolution of research methods in psychology is marked by significant developments such as introspection in the 19th century, logical positivism in the 1920s, and the emphasis on falsifiability and operational definitions. This evolution influenced how psychologists approached gathering knowledge

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Explore the significance of official statistics in social research, including different types like hard and soft statistics, advantages and disadvantages, and the role they play in shaping sociological methods. Discover how statistics help quantify aspects of society, the relationship between positi

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The early positivist school of criminology, including figures like Lombroso and Gall, focused on applying scientific methods to understand criminal behavior. Phrenology, atavism, and criminal anthropology were key concepts explored, emphasizing determinism and individual offender characteristics. Th

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Understanding various legal philosophies such as natural law, legal positivism, legal realism, legal process, and critical legal studies, this content delves into the historical context of civil rights amendments, including the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. It discusses significant cases and prov

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Delve into the complex world of legal sources and their hierarchy in private and public law. Explore the essence of norms, their subjects, and essential characteristics like positivism, enforceability, social relevance, and generality. Gain insights into how laws are formulated to govern society eff

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