Dementia is characterized by various changes, including behaviours such as wandering, disinhibition, agitation, and aggression. People living with dementia require care that can be approached through non-pharmacological and pharmacological strategies. The overreliance on psychotropic medications lik

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Posology, the science of determining drug dosage, is influenced by various factors including age, sex, body weight, route of administration, and more. Changes in pharmacokinetics with age, differing drug responses in men and women, and the importance of body weight in dosing are crucial consideratio

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Explore the classification, mechanism of action, and pharmacological effects of indirect-acting cholinergic drugs such as anticholinesterases. Learn about the importance, main uses, adverse effects, and contraindications of these drugs. Discover how anticholinesterases increase acetylcholine concent

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Osteogenesis Imperfecta is a genetic disorder affecting bones, with various types ranging from mild to severe. It is caused by mutations in specific genes and is characterized by bone fragility, fractures, and other skeletal deformities. Diagnosis involves clinical and genetic tests. Management incl

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Learn about the impact of various medications on breast milk and lactation, including identifying adverse effects on babies, safe medication choices for breastfeeding women with specific conditions, drugs affecting lactation, and pharmacokinetic changes in pediatric populations.

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This learning module for clinicians discusses the physiology of bladder control, age-related changes in the genitourinary system, medications that contribute to urinary incontinence, pharmacological treatments for UI, side effects of medications used for UI, and a senior-friendly approach to optimiz

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This content presents a series of quizzes involving diuretics and their role in clinical scenarios related to heart failure, glaucoma, renal hemodynamics, and intracranial pressure. Questions cover various diuretic agents such as furosemide, acetazolamide, mannitol, and hydrochlorothiazide, focusing

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Mental health issues are prevalent among COPD patients, affecting about 30% to 80% with comorbid depression and anxiety. This article aims to raise awareness among primary care professionals about identifying and managing mental health problems in COPD patients. Strategies include non-pharmacologica

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Clinical pharmacokinetics involves applying pharmacokinetic principles to personalize medication dosages for optimal therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse reactions. It covers drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacodynamics focuses on the relationship between drug c

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Explore the concept of interaction effects in composite-based structural equation modeling (SEM) through topics like the logic of interaction, estimating effects, multigroup analysis, and visualizing effects. Learn about moderators, their role in relationships between variables, and techniques for a

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Dementia, a syndrome resulting from various diseases affecting nerve cells and brain function, leads to cognitive decline. Treatment approaches include pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions such as biomarker monitoring, lifestyle modifications, and addressing risk factors like hypert

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Dive into Session 7 of the ARIDE program to explore the prevalence of drug and alcohol use, the concept of polydrug impairment, and the potential effects of combining different substances. Learn about null effects, overlapping effects, and how various drug combinations can impact impairment indicato

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Factorial designs in experiments allow researchers to study the effects of multiple independent variables simultaneously. This type of design enables the examination of main effects and interactions between factors, providing a comprehensive understanding of the research variables. Main effects refe

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The physicochemical properties of drugs play a crucial role in their pharmacological effects. These properties include physical and chemical characteristics that influence interactions with biomolecules. Solubility, partition coefficient, and dissociation constant are key factors affecting drug beha

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Purine alkaloids are a class of compounds with a unique structure, different from typical alkaloids. They include caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine, each with distinct effects on the body. These compounds are found in plants like coffee, tea, and cola, and have various pharmacological activiti

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Neurohumoural transmission in the field of veterinary pharmacology involves the communication of nerve messages through the release of chemical messengers. This process includes axonal conduction and junctional transmission. The historical aspects of neurohumoural transmission highlight key discover

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This lecture by Dr. Zaid Shaker Naji delves into the biological effects of radiation, including deterministic and stochastic effects. It covers mechanisms of damage at the cellular level, such as direct and indirect damage, and discusses somatic and genetic damages that can arise following exposure.

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Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a condition where infants experience withdrawal symptoms from exposure to drugs in utero, with a significant impact seen in regions like southeastern Kentucky due to the opioid crisis. This syndrome manifests through various short and long-term effects, necessit

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This presentation on smoking in Saudi Arabia covers the epidemiology, risks, and effects of smoking, including passive smoking. It also discusses strategies for smoking cessation, the role of healthcare professionals, and updates on pharmacological management. A case scenario of a smoker seeking hel

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Cough is a reflex action to clear airways, often caused by viral infections. It can be productive or non-productive, acute, sub-acute, or chronic. Assessing cough duration, nature, associated symptoms, drug-induced or condition-induced factors is crucial. Non-pharmacological treatments include steam

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This comprehensive guide focuses on symptom management in end-of-life care for COVID-19 patients, covering identification of signs of dying, communication with residents and families, recognition of end-of-life symptoms, and pharmacological/non-pharmacological approaches. It also provides valuable r

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Regression models help analyze effects of independent variables (IVs) on dependent variables (DVs, like weight loss from exercise time). Interactions explore how one IV's effect can be modified by another IV (moderating variable, MV). In this seminar's purpose, techniques to estimate, test, and grap

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Understanding causal effects through methods like propensity score weighting is crucial in institutional research. This approach helps in estimating the impact of various interventions, such as a writing program, by distinguishing causation from correlation. The use of propensity score matching aids

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Explore the mechanisms of action of adrenergic neuron blockers and classify adrenergic receptor blockers into selective and non-selective categories. Delve into the pharmacokinetic aspects and pharmacodynamic effects of these blockers, such as false transmitter formation, store depletion, release in

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Overview of pharmacological treatment options for Parkinson's disease and related conditions like choreatic dyskinesias, spastic disorders, and myasthenia gravis. Describes the degenerative process of Parkinson's disease, its symptoms, and the pharmacological interventions targeting dopamine deficit

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Purine alkaloids are a group of compounds with unique characteristics, such as a heterocyclic nucleus and specific methylated forms like caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine. While they have diverse pharmacological activities like CNS stimulation and diuretic effects, their identification often i

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American psychologists have traditionally believed in strong media effects, attributing direct influence on audiences. However, the limited effects theory emerged in the 1940s, challenging this notion by suggesting media's negligible impact on behaviors such as voting. On the other hand, proponents

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Provision of analgesia during childbirth varies among cultures, with some women preferring non-pharmacological methods like relaxation, breathing exercises, and warm water immersion, while others opt for pharmacological options such as opiates. Professionals play a crucial role in advising women on

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This content delves into the strategies for advancing the care of individuals with dementia, focusing on treatment and management options. It discusses the role of pharmaceuticals, legal considerations, safety measures, and the importance of avoiding physical restraints in dementia care. Non-pharmac

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Explore the various classes of drugs used for treating acute and chronic heart failure, including their mechanisms of action, pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse effects, and interactions with other drugs. Learn about the causes, symptoms, pathophysiology, and factors affecting cardiac o

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Review signs of dying, communicate effectively with residents and families, identify end-of-life symptoms (especially related to COVID-19), and explore non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches for symptom management. Resources and guidance are provided for caring for individuals in the com

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This course dives into animation and visual effects techniques through Narrative Storytelling and Motion Graphics with Adobe After Effects. Learn to create visually rich and impactful animated films synced to audio, expressing complex ideas through various modes of storytelling. Practice key motion

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Narcotic analgesics, such as opiates and opioids derived from opium, interact with specific opioid receptors in the body to produce analgesic effects. Different opioid receptors have varying effects, with mu (MOP) being a good analgesic but with adverse effects, delta (DOP) and kappa (KOP) have nuan

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Collective effects play a crucial role in Higgs factories and high-energy physics facilities. Impedance effects are proportional to beam-induced voltage, with peak bunch current impacting SB effects and average current affecting MB effects. Factors like beam loading compensation and detuning of the

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Tropane alkaloids are a diverse group of secondary metabolites found in plants like Atropa belladona and Datura stramonium. Known for their medicinal properties, these alkaloids have notable therapeutic uses and can be chemically classified based on their structures and biosources. Atropine and scop

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Explore unique presentations of anxiety in individuals with intellectual and developmental disorders, evaluate evidence-based interventions - both pharmacological and non-pharmacological, review practical strategies for managing anxiety symptoms, and identify barriers to treatment and future researc

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Uncover the rich history of pharmacology from ancient civilizations to modern times, tracing the origins of medicinal practices and the development of drug-related concepts. Delve into the fundamental areas of pharmacology, including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, to understand the mechanism

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Ketamine, a Schedule 2 controlled substance, is utilized as a third-line analgesic for managing complex pain conditions. Acting as an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor inhibitor, it exerts analgesic effects by antagonizing the NMDA receptor, impacting neuronal hyperexcitability and reducing opioi

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This comprehensive overview covers various aspects of pharmacological pain management, including behavioral measures for patients unable to self-report pain, building pain regimens, NSAIDs use and associated risks, NSAIDs and COX selectivity, clinical presentation of pain symptoms, gabapentinoids fo

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Bloom effects, such as weak scattering and convolution, enhance the visual appeal of games by simulating light scattering. They add realism and customization options to game graphics, improving the overall visual experience. Weak scattering causes subtle yet impactful effects like glare and diffract

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