Understanding the Effects of Drug Combinations in ARIDE Session 7

Dive into Session 7 of the ARIDE program to explore the prevalence of drug and alcohol use, the concept of polydrug impairment, and the potential effects of combining different substances. Learn about null effects, overlapping effects, and how various drug combinations can impact impairment indicators. Gain insights into how different drugs interact and influence behavior in unique ways.

• Drug combinations
• ARIDE program
• Polydrug impairment
• Substance abuse
• Impairment indicators

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1. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Session 7 The Effects of Drug Combinations ARIDE

2. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Learning Objectives Describe the prevalence of drug and alcohol use (individually and in combination) as well as polydrug impairment Define polydrug impairment Articulate possible effects of polydrug impairment related to indicators of alcohol and drugs ARIDE 7 - 2

3. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Prevalence of Drug Combinations ARIDE 7 - 3

4. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Polydrug Being under the combined influence of two or more different drugs ARIDE 7 - 4

5. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Potential Effects of Polydrug Use Null Effect Overlapping Effect Additive Effect Antagonistic Effect ARIDE 7 - 5

6. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Null Effect If neither drug affects some particular indicator of impairment, their combination also will not affect that behavior. + = Nothing Nothing Nothing ARIDE 7 - 6

7. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Null Effect Examples Narcotic Analgesic CNS Stimulant Typically cause: HGN - None VGN - None LOC - None Typically cause: HGN - None VGN - None LOC - None 7 - 7 ARIDE

8. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Overlapping Effect If one drug affects some particular indicator of impairment and another does not, their combination also will affect that behavior. + = Nothing Action Action ARIDE 7 - 8

9. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Overlapping Effect Examples Narcotic Analgesic CNS Depressant Typically cause: HGN - Present VGN - Possibly Present LOC - Present Pupil Size - Normal Typically cause: HGN - None VGN - None LOC - None Pupil Size - Constricted 7 - 9 ARIDE

10. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Likely Effects of the Combination HGN - Present VGN - Possibly Present LOC - Present Pupil Size - Constricted + = Nothing Action Action ARIDE 7 - 1 0

11. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Additive Effect If both drugs affect some particular indicator of impairment, their combination also will affect that behavior. + = Action Action Greater Action ARIDE 7 - 11

12. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Additive Effect Examples Alcohol CNS Depressant Typically cause: HGN - Present VGN - Possibly Present LOC - Present Pupil Size - Normal Typically cause: HGN - Present VGN - Possibly present LOC - Present Pupil Size - Normal 7 - 1 2 ARIDE

13. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Antagonistic Effect When two drugs affect some indicator in opposite ways, their combined effect will be unpredictable. + = Opposite Action Action Unpredictable Effects will be dependent on which drug is more dominant in the system at any given time. ARIDE 7 - 1 3

14. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Antagonistic Effect Examples CNS Stimulant Narcotic Analgesic Typically cause: HGN - None VGN - None LOC - None Pupil Size - Constricted Typically cause: HGN - None VGN - None LOC - None Pupil Size - Dilated 7 - 1 4 ARIDE

15. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Combination Dissociative Anesthetic and Narcotic Analgesic Effect due to Dissociative Anesthetic Effect due to Narcotic Analgesic Type of Combined Effect Impairment Indicators Expected Results HGN Present None Overlapping Present VGN Present None Overlapping Present LOC Present None Overlapping Present Pupil size Normal Constricted Overlapping Constricted ARIDE 7 - 1 5

16. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Combination Cannabis and Stimulant Type of Combined Effect Impairment Indicators Effect due to Cannabis Effect due to Stimulant Expected Results HGN None None Null None VGN None None Null None LOC Present None Overlapping Present Pupil size Dilated*** Dilated Additive Dilated ***May be normal 7 - 1 6 ARIDE

17. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Drug Combination Factors The actual effects can depend on a number of factors including, but not limited to: Dose levels Time of administration An individual s metabolism ARIDE 7 - 1 7

18. S e s s i o n 7 T h e E ff e c t s o f D r u g C o m b i n a t i o n s Questions? ARIDE 7 - 1 8