Understand the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus, common disturbances, and nutrient requirements in preterm infants. Learn why metabolic bone disease is important and its long-term effects on bone health.

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The evidence-based science and clinical management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (CKM) in this comprehensive slide set. Learn about the pathophysiological interactions, multi-organ dysfunction, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes associated with CKM.

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Angelman syndrome is a rare genetic condition impacting physical milestones and learning abilities. It affects around 1 in 15,000 individuals globally, with symptoms including speech difficulties, disrupted sleep, and seizures. Though there is no cure, increased awareness and research provide hope f

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Steatotic liver disease, including metabolic dysfunction associated steatohepatitis (MASLD) and metabolic associated alcoholic liver disease (MALD), is a common cause of liver test abnormalities in the United States. Risk factors such as obesity and metabolic syndrome can lead to advanced fibrosis a

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Dr. Srilekha Ammapalli discusses the cations (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) and anions (chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, lactate) involved in electrolyte and metabolic disturbances in critically ill patients. The physiology, causes of abnormalities, diagnosis, evaluation, and management of

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This report provides insights into the enrollment, survey completion, KMT2A mutation types, reported issues, completion rates of relevant surveys, and symptoms in individuals diagnosed with Wiedemann-Steiner Syndrome. With a global perspective, the data highlights various domains of concern, offerin

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Wolfram Syndrome, also known as DIDMOAD, is a rare genetic disorder affecting about 1 in 160,000-770,000 people worldwide. It is characterized by the presence of Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness. The primary genetic mutation in the WFS1 gene leads to various symptom

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Explore a case study on diabetic ketoacidosis to understand the basis of metabolic acidosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus, differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes, predict blood buffer equilibrium changes, apply Winter's formula, correlate clinical data with biochemical tests, explain insulin

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A case study of a 31-year-old male with sickle cell disease presenting in the emergency department with a pain crisis. The patient has a history of avascular necrosis, priapism, NSTEMI, cholecystectomy, and previous acute chest syndrome. Explore the patient's symptoms, past medical history, and reco

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Phosphatase enzymes play a crucial role in various metabolic processes by releasing phosphate groups, increasing their availability for energy synthesis and cell structure formation. Acid phosphatases, with an optimum pH below 7.0, can be extracted from plant tissues like germinating mung beans. A p

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Downer Cow Syndrome (DCS) is characterized by the inability of cows to rise, commonly seen around calving. It is associated with metabolic disorders, physical injuries, and prolonged recumbency. Risk factors include poor housing conditions and health issues like mastitis. Clinical signs range from d

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Explore the major metabolic pathways of glucose, including glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and more. Understand the production, utilization, catabolic, and anabolic cycles of glucose in cellular metabolism. Learn about key concepts such as hexose interconversion, HMP/PPP, Krebs cycle, a

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Explore the various types and causes of learning disabilities, including Down syndrome and genetic, inherited, metabolic, and intrauterine factors. Learn how terminology has evolved over time to promote respectful language and understanding. Gain insights into models of care and national frameworks

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The AMPK system plays a crucial role in regulating energy homeostasis by sensing the cellular AMP:ATP ratio and responding to metabolic stresses that affect ATP production or consumption. AMPK is activated by factors such as hypoxia, glucose deprivation, and metabolic inhibitors, as well as by compo

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Discover famous quotes on imposter syndrome, try to guess the authors behind them, and learn how even well-known figures like Albert Einstein and Sonia Sotomayor have experienced feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt. Explore the prevalence of imposter syndrome and share your own experiences to crea

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This content explores various techniques used in pharmacognosy and phytochemistry to investigate the metabolic pathways in plants and study the formation of primary and secondary metabolites. Methods such as utilizing radioactive isotopes, tracer techniques, isolated organs/tissues, grafting, and mu

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This informative content covers various hand and upper extremity conditions including nerve innervation, deformities, splints, and syndromes such as carpal tunnel syndrome and cubital tunnel syndrome. It discusses key nerves like the ulnar, median, and radial, their functions, associated deformities

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Many critical illnesses can disrupt acid-base balance, indicating underlying diseases or organ damage. Interpretation of disturbances requires analyzing arterial blood gases, plasma electrolytes, and compensatory mechanisms. Acid-base disorders are classified into respiratory acidosis, respiratory a

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The prevention, control, and treatment of nutritional and metabolic diseases in zoo and wild animals are essential for maintaining their health. These diseases, such as rickets, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, and fibrous osteodystrophy, can result from imbalances in dietary nutrients and metabolic dera

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Abomasal displacement refers to the movement of the abomasum, a wandering organ in cattle due to loose attachments. This condition can lead to left or right displacement, as well as torsion or volvulus. Various factors such as feeding high concentrate rations, metabolic alkalosis, and other metaboli

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Metabolic control mechanisms play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis within cells by regulating metabolic pathways. This involves finely adjusting the output of pathways in response to external signals, ensuring the proper flux of metabolites to meet cellular needs. Pacemaker enzymes, such as

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This educational material delves into the types and biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, the physiological actions of thyroid hormones, regulation levels, thyroid function tests, goiter, and the distinction between hypo- and hyperthyroidism. It covers the role of thyroid hormones in thermogenesis, meta

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Cutaneous circulation plays a vital role in supplying blood to the skin, with variations in apical and non-apical regions of the body. The blood flow is regulated by neural, thermal, and metabolic factors, and controlled by sympathetic fibers. Sympathetic vasoconstriction and vasodilation affect the

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Explore the various aspects of Imposter Syndrome, including symptoms, impact, and management techniques. Understand how attributing successes, negative self-talk, and feelings of fraudulence can affect one's perception of ability and self-worth. Learn strategies such as identifying feelings, reframi

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Gain insight into the critical role of nutrition in aiding patients in their recovery from injuries and enhancing their physical well-being post-injury. Explore the phases of injury, the physiological and metabolic impacts of each phase, and the corresponding nutritional support strategies. Delve in

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This educational material provides an in-depth understanding of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) and Serotonin Syndrome (SS) including their background, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment approaches. It also explores the historical back

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Perinatal asphyxia refers to the interruption of oxygen supply to the fetus or newborn, leading to metabolic consequences and potential multiorgan dysfunction and long-term neurological issues. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) have

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WAGR syndrome is a rare genetic condition associated with Wilms Tumor, aniridia, and developmental delays. Wilms Tumor is a form of kidney cancer mostly affecting children and is linked to genetic disorders like WAGR syndrome. The risk of Wilms Tumor is higher in children with WAGR syndrome, with po

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Glycine, the simplest amino acid, plays a crucial role in various metabolic pathways in the body. It can be converted to important compounds like pyruvic acid, lactic acid, and creates the one-carbon pool. Glycine is essential for heme synthesis, glutathione formation, purine synthesis, and more. In

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Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) are genetic disorders that disrupt metabolic pathways, leading to substrate accumulation or product deficiency. These disorders can be classified based on toxic accumulation, protein metabolism, carbohydrate intolerance, lysosomal storage issues, energy production d

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Motor abilities play a crucial role in the developmental journey of individuals with Williams Syndrome. From simple reflex movements to fine and gross motor skills, these abilities impact daily living, academic achievements, and overall cognitive and physical growth. Research on motor skills in both

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Explore the world of lipids, their classifications, physiological importance, and implications in clinical conditions. Understand the functions of simple and complex lipids, their role in energy storage, cell signaling, and disease associations. Dive into the diverse functions and classifications of

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Karyotypes are photographic inventories of an individual's chromosomes, helping determine genetic sex and detect abnormalities. Common chromosomal conditions like Down syndrome, Klinefelter's syndrome, and Turner's syndrome are discussed, along with the impact of abnormal sex chromosomes on characte

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The McKenzie Method, developed by physiotherapist Robin McKenzie, is a classification-based system for treating pain. It involves assessment, treatment, and prevention steps, with an emphasis on centralizing symptoms and promoting pain reduction. The method categorizes pain into three syndromes - Po

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Discover how to outsmart your inner critic and tackle imposter syndrome effectively. Learn about the common features of imposter syndrome and ways to take action to be braver and build integrity. Challenge perfectionism, self-doubt, and limiting beliefs to shape your own success story.

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Energy is essential for various bodily functions, with Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) representing the energy needed to sustain internal organ activity and body temperature. Kilocalories from food play a crucial role, and maintaining an energy balance is key for overall health. Factors like exercise, ho

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Hibernation is a fascinating biological phenomenon observed in various animals, enabling them to survive harsh conditions by conserving energy. This state of inactivity and metabolic depression is crucial for species like bears, pygmy possums, and bats during winter months. Animals hibernate to cope

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Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) is a condition where infants experience withdrawal symptoms from exposure to drugs in utero, with a significant impact seen in regions like southeastern Kentucky due to the opioid crisis. This syndrome manifests through various short and long-term effects, necessit

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Chronic coronary syndrome involves a dynamic process of atherosclerotic plaque accumulation and functional alterations in coronary circulation. It includes various clinical scenarios such as stable angina, asymptomatic ischemia, prior myocardial infarction, and more. The condition can be modified by

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