The functions, sources, storage, and utilization of carbohydrates, as well as the recommended daily intake and health implications of carbohydrate deficiency.

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Learn about the causes, symptoms, and effects of Vitamin A deficiency, including night blindness, corneal keratinization, and impaired immune function. Explore the epidemiology and pathogenesis of this condition.

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Immune deficiencies can be classified into primary hereditary disorders based on clinical presentations, including cell-mediated, antibody-mediated, non-specific, and complement activation deficiencies. Major clinical manifestations of immune disorders range from B-cell deficiencies to phagocytic ce

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Heat Transfer labels are labels where ink pigment and metalized layer is transferred from film to the product to be decorated. Transfer is done by heat & pressure on Heat transfer machine. The whole image is transferred in one single process. Heat Transfer process is solving the deficiency of other

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SELOI HEALTHCARE PVT. LTD. offers a cutting-edge Vitamin D quantitative rapid test that provides instant results on smartphones, aiding in tracking markers and generating shareable reports within 30 seconds. With easy monitoring, multiple language support, and no setup costs, this innovative platfor

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Exploring the housing deficiency in Medellin and how low-income residents use autoconstruction as a material practice of hope to build their own homes. The struggle for dignified housing, roots of hope in the Medellin Miracle, and the role of state ambiguity are key themes discussed in the content.

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Iron deficiency is prevalent in heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction and is linked to poor outcomes. The HEART-FID trial investigates the impact of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) on all-cause mortality, heart failure hospitalizations, and exercise capacity in chronic HFrEF

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Exploring diseases related to disruptions in homeostasis at endocrine, nervous, immunological, and genetic levels, focusing on conditions like hormone imbalances and metabolic disorders such as growth hormone deficiency and diabetes. Learn about the impact on health and the body's intricate regulato

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The Bleeding Time (BT) test evaluates platelet plug formation and capillary integrity, crucial for surgery preparations. Prolonged bleeding times indicate low platelet count or dysfunction. The Duke method is one way to determine Bleeding Time. Sources of error, such as medication interference, impr

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Blood clotting factors play a crucial role in the coagulation process to prevent excessive bleeding. Factors such as Fibrinogen (Factor-I), Prothrombin (Factor-II), Thromboplastin (Factor-III), Calcium Ions (Factor-IV), Labile Factor (Factor-V), and Stable Factor (Factor-VII) are essential for the c

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Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that can be classified anatomically and etiologically. The common causes include bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens, as well as aspiration pneumonia. Factors such as immune deficiency, overcrowding, and poor hygiene can increase the risk o

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Mental deficiency, also known as intellectual disability, is characterized by significantly below-average intellectual functioning before the age of 18, along with limitations in adaptive behaviors. It is measured using standardized IQ tests, with classifications ranging from profound to mild. Two m

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Hemoglobin, a crucial protein in red blood cells, plays a vital role in carrying oxygen throughout the body. This article delves into its functions, detection methods, medical applications, and common conditions associated with hemoglobin, such as anemia and polycythemia. Learn about the various typ

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A case study discusses a 69-year-old woman with a history of stable diabetes facing elevated HbA1c levels despite normal fasting glucose. Initial investigations, including a day curve test, reveal high postprandial glucose levels. The analysis leads to identifying iron deficiency anemia, prompting f

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Can Iron Pills Cause Anxiety are a common supplement used to treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia. While these supplements are crucial for many, there have been discussions and concerns about whether they can cause anxiety. This article delves into the potential connection between iron pills and

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Nutritional diseases arise from imbalances between the body's nutrient and energy requirements and their supply. Nutritional deficiencies can lead to clinical diseases, while excessive intake can result in diseases of affluence. Common nutritional disorders include low birth weight, PEM, obesity, go

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Cholestasis is characterized by reduced bile flow and elevated direct bilirubin. It is critical to differentiate it from neonatal jaundice. In conditions like biliary atresia and 1-antitrypsin deficiency, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent liver failure. Clinical manifestations

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Vitamin B12 deficiency is a complex condition with various manifestations, including neurological symptoms. The updated guidelines address key areas such as neuro symptoms, coeliac disease, and transitioning from intramuscular to oral treatment. Testing indications and approaches for pernicious anae

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A 78-year-old man presents with symptoms of fatigue, headache, and abdominal pain, leading to a diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia. His medical history includes hypertension, type II diabetes, and chronic shoulder pain. Investigations reveal hypochromic, microcytic anemia with low iron levels and h

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Pathological pigmentation involves the abnormal deposition of pigments in the body. It can be classified as exogenous or endogenous, with various sources and types of pigments. Melanin, one of the endogenous pigments, plays a crucial role in determining tissue color and can have protective functions

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Post-Parturient Haemoglobinuria (PPH) is a metabolic disease affecting high-producing dairy cows after calving, characterized by hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and anemia. Common in buffaloes and cows, it is caused by phosphorus deficiency in diet, affecting intracellular functions and leading to clinic

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Vitamin K deficiency in animals can lead to serious health issues due to its crucial role in blood clotting and bone metabolism. Different sources of vitamin K, such as plant material and bacterial fermentation, provide essential forms like K1 and K2. Factors contributing to deficiency include fat m

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Farmers can benefit from Marketing Assistance Loans (MAL) and Loan Deficiency Payments (LDP) to manage cash flow and ensure price floors for their harvested grain. MAL offers low-interest loans while LDP provides payments if prices fall below a certain level, offering financial support during challe

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Hyperglycemic crises such as Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State (HHS) are life-threatening emergencies characterized by severe hyperglycemia and metabolic imbalances. DKA involves absolute or near-absolute insulin deficiency leading to ketone body production and systemi

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Elemental analysis of human fingernails is conducted using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) to diagnose and monitor zinc deficiency in the body. Zinc deficiency is a significant health issue globally, affecting billions of people. By utilizing LIBS technology on fingernail samples, resear

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This session, led by Dr. Patrick Asamoah Sakyi from the Department of Earth Science at UG, delves into the significance of geological elements in human health, discussing diseases arising from their deficiency or excess intake. Topics include geophagy, fluorine's impact on dental health, iodine defi

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Exploring the reasons behind gray hair, this project delves into the role of melanin levels and the impact of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in hair follicles. Catalase enzyme synthesis and its effect on achromotrichia (hair turning gray) are also investigated through experimental activities.

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Vitamin E deficiency in poultry can lead to serious conditions such as encephalomalacia (crazy chick disease) and exudative diathesis. Symptoms include ataxia, testicular degeneration, and early embryo mortality. Post-mortem lesions show soft and swollen brains with minute hemorrhages. It is crucial

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Explore key topics in haematology such as leucopenia, B12 deficiency, and myelodysplastic syndrome with detailed guidance on interpreting full blood counts, red flags, investigations, and management strategies. Learn about special situations like B12 deficiency in pregnancy and malabsorption issues.

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Explore the world of inborn errors of amino acid metabolism through lectures by Dr. Sumbul Fatma. Discover conditions like Phenylketonuria (PKU), Maple Syrup Urine Disease, Albinism, and more, caused by enzyme deficiencies due to gene mutations. Learn about classical PKU, hyperphenylalaninemia, and

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Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is a metabolic disorder affecting the breakdown of branched-chain amino acids, leading to severe symptoms like physical and mental retardation, sweet-smelling urine, and metabolic acidosis. Treatment involves dietary restrictions and potential gene therapy. Albinism,

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Ongoing work includes progress on CPIC guidelines for aminoglycosides, clopidogrel, and statins, along with evidence reviews for various enzymes and medications. A review of G6PD deficiency and rasburicase safety is being conducted, categorizing drugs as low-to-no risk, high-risk, or medium-risk bas

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Copper deficiency in ruminants can be primary or secondary, affecting enzyme activity and gene expression. Risk factors include diet, soil characteristics, and breed. Pathogenesis involves effects on tissues, wool loss, body weight, diarrhea, anemia, bone health, and heart function.

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Explore the impact of waterlogged soils on nitrogen deficiency in plants and discover the role of active transport, soil oxygen displacement, and chlorophyll production. Engage students in solving the issue through an interactive activity that integrates their knowledge of plant biology concepts.

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G6PD deficiency hemolytic anemia is an inherited condition characterized by reduced levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), leading to impaired production of NADPH. This deficiency affects the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) and can result in oxidative stress, causing damage to DNA, prot

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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired disorder causing hemolytic anemia due to red cell membrane defects, leading to increased sensitivity to complement. On the other hand, G6PD Deficiency is a genetic condition causing hemolytic anemia due to impaired function of the G6PD enz

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Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency, often seen in conditions like alcoholism and poor dietary intake, can lead to serious health issues such as beriberi. This article delves into the causes, clinical features, and treatment options for thiamine deficiency, including the different types of beriberi and

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Iron deficiency anemia occurs when the body lacks sufficient iron to produce hemoglobin, leading to symptoms like fatigue and weakness. Iron therapy, led by professionals like Dr. Haider Raheem, helps restore iron levels. Important information includes body iron distribution, absorption mechanisms,

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Understanding the clinical presentation and risks of Vitamin D deficiency in infants, especially those who are breastfed, is crucial. This curriculum covers acute versus chronic presentations of deficiency, associated symptoms, and risk factors such as sunlight exposure, geographical location, air q

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Dr. Methal A. Alrubaie, an assistant professor, presents a detailed overview of anemia in pregnancy. The content covers the classification of anemia types, their etiology, clinical presentation, effects on both mother and fetus, investigation methods, and treatment approaches. Various types of anemi

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