This lecture discusses the epidemiology, pathology, and prognosis of malignant tumors of the intestine, with a focus on colon cancer. It covers the different stages of colorectal adenocarcinoma, the relationship between CEA and recurrence, and the significance of carcinoid tumors.

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This slideshow provides an overview of tumor classification, nomenclature, and key concepts in pathology. It covers the definitions of neoplasm, tumor, and oncology, the classification of tumors into benign and malignant categories, as well as the importance of stroma in tumor behavior. It also expl

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The prostate is a soft organ in reproductive anatomy. It is nearly about the size of a chestnut. Its weight is around 30 grams. It is located in the pelvis below the bladder with the urethra passing through. It is surrounded by an elastic, fibromuscular capsule and contains glandular tissue and conn

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brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain. Tumors can be either cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign). Cancerous tumors grow and spread aggressively, potentially invading nearby tissues and spreading to other parts of the body, while non-cancerous tumors are usually less aggr

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Malignant melanoma is a serious skin cancer with various types, including superficial spreading, nodular, acral lentiginous, lentigo maligna, and amelanotic. Recognizing early signs such as ABCDEF (Asymmetry, Borders, Colour, Diameter, Evolving, Funny-looking) is crucial for prompt diagnosis. Macros

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Testicular tumors are predominantly malignant, with germ cell tumors being the most common type. This article delves into the classification of testicular tumors, including primary and secondary, benign and malignant, germ cell, and non-germ cell tumors. Clinical findings such as painless enlargemen

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Grading and staging are crucial in determining the aggressiveness and extent of malignant tumors. Grading involves assessing the level of malignancy based on cell differentiation and mitotic activity, while staging considers the size of the tumor, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastases.

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Benign breast conditions can manifest in various ways, including pain, palpable masses, and nipple discharge. Familiarity with common inflammatory conditions like mastitis and abscesses, as well as understanding fibrocystic changes and benign tumors such as fibroadenoma, is crucial. Mammographic scr

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Explore the essentials of emergency psychiatry through insights into psychiatric emergencies, including neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome, as well as emergencies of suicidality. Learn about assessment tools and resources for managing behavioral health crises effectively.

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This 1-week course delves into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the Hematopoietic System. Topics covered include benign and malignant hematologic disorders, pediatric and adult presentations, blood component therapy, transfusion medicine, and more. Faculty units fr

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Laryngeal tumours can be benign or malignant, with different types such as papilloma, chondroma, paraganglioma, and squamous cell carcinoma. These tumours present with various symptoms and may spread through direct, lymphatic, or hematogenous routes. Risk factors include tobacco smoking, alcohol con

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FISH analysis is crucial in multiple myeloma diagnostics, but challenges arise due to low plasma cell detection rates. By isolating CD138+ malignant plasma cells with the EasySep system, sensitivity can be improved for more accurate genetic aberration detection in cytogenetic analyses, aiding in pat

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Hypertension, a common yet serious health issue, is explored in detail in this lecture. The etiology, risk factors, and complications of hypertension are discussed, along with the classification into primary, secondary, benign, and malignant hypertension. The lecture also covers causes of secondary

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This educational material provides an in-depth understanding of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) and Serotonin Syndrome (SS) including their background, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment approaches. It also explores the historical back

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Tetanus, also known as Locked Jaw or Saw Horse disease, is a highly fatal condition in domestic animals caused by the neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani. The disease is characterized by hyperaesthesia, tetany, and convulsions. Transmission occurs through contaminated soil, typically from hors

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Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease affecting various species, caused by two different viruses transmitted from wild animals. It is characterized by low morbidity but high mortality rates, with distinct clinical signs such as sudden death, head and eye manifestations, and intestinal i

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Explore the general features of lymphoproliferative disorders, including benign causes like infectious mononucleosis and the classification of malignant LPDs. Delve into chronic lymphoid leukemia, along with common LPDs such as Burkitt lymphoma, Follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and Hodgkin lym

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Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. These cells form tumors that can be either cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign). Cancer can develop in various parts of the body and is often caused by genetic changes that affect cell

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This comprehensive guide covers the diagnosis and management of parotid tumors, including anatomy, differential diagnosis, and management strategies. It discusses the approach to evaluating patients with neck lumps, differential diagnoses to consider, and the management techniques for both benign an

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Learn about pediatric neck masses, their causes including congenital, inflammatory, and malignant factors, and the embryology and anatomy behind them. Detailed insights are provided on the branchial system, its arches, pouches, and the structures they contribute to in the neck. Dr. Nitin Sharma, a h

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When encountering a thyroid nodule, it is essential to consider both benign and malignant causes. Clinical features may vary, and investigations such as ultrasonography, FNAC, and thyroid scanning play crucial roles in evaluation. Understanding the findings suggestive of malignancy is key for approp

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Temperature, Pulse, and Respirations are vital signs used to assess a patient's health. Temperature can be measured through various methods such as oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic, and temporal routes using different types of thermometers. It's important to know the normal temperature ranges for di

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Hyperthermia is a condition where body temperature is elevated, posing risks like heat stress and heat-related illnesses. Proper knowledge of factors like temperature, humidity, and hydration is crucial for athletes and coaches to prevent such conditions during workouts. Metabolic heat production, c

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Internal Medicine, spearheaded by Dr. Hussein AlNaji, focuses on preventing, diagnosing, and treating internal diseases like hypothermia, hyperthermia, and fever. The body maintains a constant core temperature through heat production and loss mechanisms. Heat is transferred through convection, condu

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Lymphoproliferative disorders encompass various clinical conditions involving the excessive production of lymphocytes, such as lymphoma and lymphoid leukemia. This article delves into the definitions, causes, and specific types of lymphoproliferative disorders, including infectious mononucleosis and

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Investigating the necessity of excising biopsy tracts in primary bone tumours, this study analyzed 278 patients over a span of two years. Findings indicated conflicting evidence regarding the risk of malignant seeding in biopsy tracts, with only one patient showing histological evidence of seeding.

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Utilize the Multiple Primary & Histology Coding Rules for accurate case abstraction. Understand equivalent terms, definitions, and instructions to determine multiple primaries for solid malignant tumors diagnosed after January 1, 2007. Avoid relying on physician statements and prioritize following t

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Opioids are essential in treating severe and chronic pain, whether malignant or nonmalignant. They are classified based on chemical structure, aiding in identifying potential cross-sensitivity in patients. Opioid agonists interact with specific receptors in the central nervous system and peripheral

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Sorcha O'Keeffe's research delves into the communication experiences of individuals diagnosed with glioma, a malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The study explores how patients cope and prioritize hope, emphasizing the importance of creating a tolerable reality amidst uncertainty. Communica

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Malignant ascites is a challenging complication of advanced cancer, impacting patient quality of life and survival. Diagnosis involves imaging and cytology, with poor prognostic indicators. Management includes symptom relief with diuretics, paracentesis, and catheter options. Refractory cases presen

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Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a genetic disorder of skeletal muscle triggered by certain anesthetics, leading to a hyper-metabolic state. The uncontrolled release of calcium results in muscle rigidity, metabolic acidosis, hyperthermia, and other serious complications. MH was first described in the

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Malignant ureteric obstruction in palliative care patients poses significant challenges, impacting quality of life and requiring long-term drainage. This article discusses factors influencing decision-making, treatment options, and follow-up considerations, highlighting the importance of a multidisc

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Neoplasia encompasses abnormal tissue growth that can be benign or malignant. This article explores neoplastic terms, tumor classifications, cancer staging, and genetic factors in cancer development. Gain insights into the characteristics of benign tumors, the biology of cancer including carcinogene

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The incidence of melanoma is rising rapidly, affecting both men and women. Advanced melanoma management involves multidisciplinary approaches and considerations for limited versus disseminated disease. Surgical resection or systemic therapy is recommended for limited metastatic disease, while dissem

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Neoplasia, or new growth, is characterized by uncoordinated growth exceeding that of normal tissues, persistent growth independent of stimuli, loss of responsiveness to growth controls, and local expansion regardless of host environment. Tumors are classified into benign and malignant categories in

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Malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac is a rare condition that poses challenges in early diagnosis due to its insidious onset. This case study discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of a 78-year-old woman with a palpable mass in the lacrimal sac, highlighting the importance of early i

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A 3-year-old girl presented with persistent fever, leading to the discovery of a cardiac mass diagnosed as histiocytic neoplasia through imaging and biopsy. Primary cardiac tumors are rare in children, with benign tumors being more common. Histiocytic sarcomas are malignant neoplasms with characteri

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Canine mammary neoplasms, including benign adenomas and malignant carcinomas, are common in intact female dogs. This article discusses the clinical signs, diagnosis methods like FNAC and biopsy, WHO clinical staging system, and the importance of palpating regional lymph nodes for prognosis assessmen

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Understanding the classification of tumors is crucial in the field of pathology. This detailed overview covers the definitions of neoplasia and tumors, the differentiation between benign and malignant tumors, nomenclature, and characteristics of various tumor types. It discusses the behaviors of ben

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Pathologist Saeed Samie discusses feelings of safety and satisfaction when reporting thyroid FNA results, emphasizing certainty in malignant lesions over benign ones. Reduction of unnecessary surgical interventions and the importance of uniform categorization for clinical decision-making and guideli

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