This lecture discusses the epidemiology, pathology, and prognosis of malignant tumors of the intestine, with a focus on colon cancer. It covers the different stages of colorectal adenocarcinoma, the relationship between CEA and recurrence, and the significance of carcinoid tumors.

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This slideshow provides an overview of tumor classification, nomenclature, and key concepts in pathology. It covers the definitions of neoplasm, tumor, and oncology, the classification of tumors into benign and malignant categories, as well as the importance of stroma in tumor behavior. It also expl

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The prostate is a soft organ in reproductive anatomy. It is nearly about the size of a chestnut. Its weight is around 30 grams. It is located in the pelvis below the bladder with the urethra passing through. It is surrounded by an elastic, fibromuscular capsule and contains glandular tissue and conn

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brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells in the brain. Tumors can be either cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign). Cancerous tumors grow and spread aggressively, potentially invading nearby tissues and spreading to other parts of the body, while non-cancerous tumors are usually less aggr

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Malignant melanoma is a serious skin cancer with various types, including superficial spreading, nodular, acral lentiginous, lentigo maligna, and amelanotic. Recognizing early signs such as ABCDEF (Asymmetry, Borders, Colour, Diameter, Evolving, Funny-looking) is crucial for prompt diagnosis. Macros

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Testicular tumors are predominantly malignant, with germ cell tumors being the most common type. This article delves into the classification of testicular tumors, including primary and secondary, benign and malignant, germ cell, and non-germ cell tumors. Clinical findings such as painless enlargemen

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Grading and staging are crucial in determining the aggressiveness and extent of malignant tumors. Grading involves assessing the level of malignancy based on cell differentiation and mitotic activity, while staging considers the size of the tumor, lymph node involvement, and presence of metastases.

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Benign breast conditions can manifest in various ways, including pain, palpable masses, and nipple discharge. Familiarity with common inflammatory conditions like mastitis and abscesses, as well as understanding fibrocystic changes and benign tumors such as fibroadenoma, is crucial. Mammographic scr

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Explore the essentials of emergency psychiatry through insights into psychiatric emergencies, including neuroleptic malignant syndrome and serotonin syndrome, as well as emergencies of suicidality. Learn about assessment tools and resources for managing behavioral health crises effectively.

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This 1-week course delves into the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases affecting the Hematopoietic System. Topics covered include benign and malignant hematologic disorders, pediatric and adult presentations, blood component therapy, transfusion medicine, and more. Faculty units fr

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Malnutrition is common in chronic liver disease, leading to complications such as ascites and infections. Sarcopenia and weight loss are prevalent regardless of BMI. Critical care patients with liver disease face challenges due to limited physiological reserve, with main causes for ICU admission bei

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Laryngeal tumours can be benign or malignant, with different types such as papilloma, chondroma, paraganglioma, and squamous cell carcinoma. These tumours present with various symptoms and may spread through direct, lymphatic, or hematogenous routes. Risk factors include tobacco smoking, alcohol con

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FISH analysis is crucial in multiple myeloma diagnostics, but challenges arise due to low plasma cell detection rates. By isolating CD138+ malignant plasma cells with the EasySep system, sensitivity can be improved for more accurate genetic aberration detection in cytogenetic analyses, aiding in pat

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Hypertension, a common yet serious health issue, is explored in detail in this lecture. The etiology, risk factors, and complications of hypertension are discussed, along with the classification into primary, secondary, benign, and malignant hypertension. The lecture also covers causes of secondary

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Challenging liver cirrhosis management in elderly patients with refractory ascites has high mortality rates, and transplantation is not always viable. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) serves as a non-curative treatment option, aiming to reduce portal hypertension. The procedure i

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This educational material provides an in-depth understanding of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) and Serotonin Syndrome (SS) including their background, pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, risk factors, and treatment approaches. It also explores the historical back

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A 22-year-old female presented with abdominal distension and pain. Her medical history, family history, and personal habits were reviewed. Examination revealed mild hepatomegaly and shifting dullness. Lab investigations showed normal values with no signs of infection. Ascitic fluid analysis indicate

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Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a fatal disease affecting various species, caused by two different viruses transmitted from wild animals. It is characterized by low morbidity but high mortality rates, with distinct clinical signs such as sudden death, head and eye manifestations, and intestinal i

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Explore the general features of lymphoproliferative disorders, including benign causes like infectious mononucleosis and the classification of malignant LPDs. Delve into chronic lymphoid leukemia, along with common LPDs such as Burkitt lymphoma, Follicular lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and Hodgkin lym

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Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. These cells form tumors that can be either cancerous (malignant) or non-cancerous (benign). Cancer can develop in various parts of the body and is often caused by genetic changes that affect cell

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This comprehensive guide covers the diagnosis and management of parotid tumors, including anatomy, differential diagnosis, and management strategies. It discusses the approach to evaluating patients with neck lumps, differential diagnoses to consider, and the management techniques for both benign an

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Learn about pediatric neck masses, their causes including congenital, inflammatory, and malignant factors, and the embryology and anatomy behind them. Detailed insights are provided on the branchial system, its arches, pouches, and the structures they contribute to in the neck. Dr. Nitin Sharma, a h

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When encountering a thyroid nodule, it is essential to consider both benign and malignant causes. Clinical features may vary, and investigations such as ultrasonography, FNAC, and thyroid scanning play crucial roles in evaluation. Understanding the findings suggestive of malignancy is key for approp

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Lymphoproliferative disorders encompass various clinical conditions involving the excessive production of lymphocytes, such as lymphoma and lymphoid leukemia. This article delves into the definitions, causes, and specific types of lymphoproliferative disorders, including infectious mononucleosis and

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Investigating the necessity of excising biopsy tracts in primary bone tumours, this study analyzed 278 patients over a span of two years. Findings indicated conflicting evidence regarding the risk of malignant seeding in biopsy tracts, with only one patient showing histological evidence of seeding.

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Utilize the Multiple Primary & Histology Coding Rules for accurate case abstraction. Understand equivalent terms, definitions, and instructions to determine multiple primaries for solid malignant tumors diagnosed after January 1, 2007. Avoid relying on physician statements and prioritize following t

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Recognize major complications of liver cirrhosis including hepatic failure, portal hypertension, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome, and esophageal varices. Learn about the pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical features, and pathological findings associated with these complications.

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Learn about the major complications of liver cirrhosis, including portal hypertension, hepatic failure, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and more. Explore the pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical features, and pathological findings associated with these complications, and understand the impa

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Oedema is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissues and cavities, often caused by factors like decreased plasma oncotic pressure, increased hydrostatic pressure, increased capillary permeability, or lymphatic flow obstruction. This article explores the etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical sig

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Opioids are essential in treating severe and chronic pain, whether malignant or nonmalignant. They are classified based on chemical structure, aiding in identifying potential cross-sensitivity in patients. Opioid agonists interact with specific receptors in the central nervous system and peripheral

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Sorcha O'Keeffe's research delves into the communication experiences of individuals diagnosed with glioma, a malignant brain tumor with a poor prognosis. The study explores how patients cope and prioritize hope, emphasizing the importance of creating a tolerable reality amidst uncertainty. Communica

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Ascites, jaundice, and confusion in a 50-year-old man raise concerns about liver disease. Differential diagnosis includes cirrhosis, malignancy, alcoholic liver disease, and biliary obstruction. Physical examination findings such as spider naevi, hepatomegaly, and asterixis help narrow down the poss

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Malignant ascites is a challenging complication of advanced cancer, impacting patient quality of life and survival. Diagnosis involves imaging and cytology, with poor prognostic indicators. Management includes symptom relief with diuretics, paracentesis, and catheter options. Refractory cases presen

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Malignant Hyperthermia (MH) is a genetic disorder of skeletal muscle triggered by certain anesthetics, leading to a hyper-metabolic state. The uncontrolled release of calcium results in muscle rigidity, metabolic acidosis, hyperthermia, and other serious complications. MH was first described in the

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Malignant ureteric obstruction in palliative care patients poses significant challenges, impacting quality of life and requiring long-term drainage. This article discusses factors influencing decision-making, treatment options, and follow-up considerations, highlighting the importance of a multidisc

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Neoplasia encompasses abnormal tissue growth that can be benign or malignant. This article explores neoplastic terms, tumor classifications, cancer staging, and genetic factors in cancer development. Gain insights into the characteristics of benign tumors, the biology of cancer including carcinogene

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The incidence of melanoma is rising rapidly, affecting both men and women. Advanced melanoma management involves multidisciplinary approaches and considerations for limited versus disseminated disease. Surgical resection or systemic therapy is recommended for limited metastatic disease, while dissem

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Malignant melanoma of the lacrimal sac is a rare condition that poses challenges in early diagnosis due to its insidious onset. This case study discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of a 78-year-old woman with a palpable mass in the lacrimal sac, highlighting the importance of early i

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Canine mammary neoplasms, including benign adenomas and malignant carcinomas, are common in intact female dogs. This article discusses the clinical signs, diagnosis methods like FNAC and biopsy, WHO clinical staging system, and the importance of palpating regional lymph nodes for prognosis assessmen

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Understanding the classification of tumors is crucial in the field of pathology. This detailed overview covers the definitions of neoplasia and tumors, the differentiation between benign and malignant tumors, nomenclature, and characteristics of various tumor types. It discusses the behaviors of ben

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