An overview of the functional units of the kidney, including the nephron, and the various functions performed by the kidneys. It also covers laboratory tests used to assess kidney function.

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Kidneys play a vital role in the body by filtering waste and maintaining fluid balance. Learn about the structure of kidneys, nephron function, and the importance of blood urea and serum creatinine tests in assessing kidney health. Discover how factors like protein intake and medical conditions affe

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The kidneys play a vital role in filtering waste products, regulating electrolyte balance, maintaining blood pH, producing hormones, and more. This article explores the anatomical features of the kidneys, including their position, extent, internal structure, vascular segments, and coverings. It also

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This detailed study delves into the regulation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the kidneys. It covers the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that control GFR, autoregulation, tubuloglomerular feedback, glomerular filtration membrane, filtration forces, molecular size and filterability of subs

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The lecture covers the fundamentals of urinary elimination focusing on the kidneys' location, structure, function, and the role of nephrons. It discusses the transport of urine through the ureters to the bladder, highlighting the bladder's muscle layers and the urethra's role in expelling urine. Stu

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The renal system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, responsible for producing, transporting, storing, and excreting urine. The kidneys are surrounded by three layers, and the nephron is the functional unit responsible for filtering blood and producing urine. Key componen

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This lecture delves into the essential aspects of renal function tests, exploring the functional units of the kidney, the role of nephrons in maintaining homeostasis, and the intricate processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion within the renal tubules. Key topics include the hormonal and

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Alcohol affects various organs in the body, including the brain, liver, heart, blood vessels, kidneys, and stomach. It depresses brain activity, increases heart rate and blood pressure, dilates blood vessels, and affects urine production. Driving under the influence is a dangerous consequence with p

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This informative content delves into the anatomical structures and terms related to the urinary system, covering key components such as the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It explains important terms like renal pyramids, calices, and ureter dexter/sinister, providing a comprehensive overview

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Hypokalemia is a condition characterized by low potassium levels, crucial for intracellular functions. The Na+/K+ ATPase pump maintains the ICF/ECF gradient. Potassium excretion occurs mainly via the kidneys, with minimal variation in proximal tubule reabsorption. The collecting duct plays a vital r

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This content provides detailed information on the anatomy of the urinary system, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It explains anatomical terms, Greek term elements related to the system, and general terms for urine and urination. Additionally, it covers urinary dysfunctions such

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Explore the essentials of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): its significance, the functioning of kidneys, causes, diagnosis methods, and considerations based on age. Gain insights into CKD stages and learn how to maintain kidney health for a better quality of life.

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The urinary system in animals includes kidneys, ureters, and the bladder, all crucial for filtration and urine excretion. The ureters are excretory ducts from the kidneys, while the bladder stores urine before expulsion. Various diagrammatic structures illustrate the urogenital system of animals, pa

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Urea is synthesized in the liver through a series of enzymatic steps known as the urea cycle or Krebs-Henseleit cycle. This process involves converting toxic ammonia into urea, a less toxic and water-soluble compound that can be easily excreted in urine. The liver plays a crucial role in urea biosyn

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Renal function tests are essential for diagnosing and monitoring kidney health. These tests assess functions like glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and endocrine functions of the kidneys. Common indicators include serum urea, creatinine levels, and more. It's crucial to evaluate renal fun

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Acid-base balance is crucial for maintaining optimal health, as slight deviations in hydrogen ion concentration can impact enzyme activity and metabolic processes. The body employs various defense mechanisms to regulate pH levels, involving buffers, lungs, and kidneys. Strong acids release more H+ i

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The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, playing a crucial role in regulating blood volume, ion concentration, and pH. The kidneys, as the major excretory organ, remove metabolic waste products and help maintain water-electrolyte balance, regulate arterial p

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Nitrogen metabolism is crucial in the biosynthesis of amino acids such as glutamate and glutamine, incorporating ammonia for various physiological processes. Ammonia is efficiently transported and stored using compounds like alanine and glutamate, playing a key role in the urea cycle. Glutamate, a v

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This article delves into the structure and function of the kidneys, specifically focusing on nephrons and the implications of nephron loss. It also discusses the importance of blood urea and serum creatinine tests in evaluating kidney function, highlighting the differences between the two and their

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Alcohol consumption has various short-term effects on the body, affecting the brain, liver, blood vessels, heart, kidneys, stomach, and driving abilities. It depresses brain activity, increases heart rate and blood pressure, and influences urine production. Driving under the influence of alcohol has

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Pyelonephritis is a serious bacterial infection of the kidneys, leading to renal damage and potentially life-threatening complications. This condition has different etiologies, including ascending bacterial infection and hematogenous spread, with Escherichia coli being the most common causative orga

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Organ transplantation involves the moving of organs from one body to another to replace damaged or absent organs. The process includes cadaveric and living organ donations, with various transplantable organs like lungs, kidneys, heart, and more. There are ethical issues surrounding organ donation de

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Acute pyelonephritis is a serious bacterial infection of the kidneys, leading to complications such as renal scarring and sepsis. This overview covers key aspects including epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentations, and risk factors. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies are also disc

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Parathyroid glands play a crucial role in maintaining the body's calcium levels within a narrow range to support the proper functioning of the nervous and muscular systems. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium concentration in the blood, impacting bone health and other physiological functions

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Nephritis is a serious medical condition characterized by inflammation of the nephrons in the kidneys. This inflammation can lead to various subtypes such as glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis, each with its own causes and symptoms. Common symptoms of nephritis include edema, changes in u

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The urinary system, also known as the renal system, consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Each kidney contains nephrons, the functional units responsible for filtering waste and regulating blood volume, pressure, electrolytes, and pH balance. The kidneys have an extensive blood sup

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An overview of anomalies affecting the kidneys in animals, including ectopic kidney location, renal agenesis, renal aplasia, and renal hypoplasia. The images illustrate anomalies such as fused kidneys and duplication of kidneys, with explanations of occurrence and sequelae. Additionally, factors aff

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Homeostasis is the key to maintaining internal stability in living organisms, ensuring they return to a stable state after fluctuations. This involves various body parts such as the kidneys, skin, liver, and pancreas. Different systems like body temperature regulation, blood pressure control, and os

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The urinary system, also known as the excretory system, plays a crucial role in regulating water and salt levels in the body, as well as excreting wastes through urine. It consists of organs like the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, each with specific functions in the filtration and eliminati

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The genitourinary system comprises the urinary and reproductive organs, with the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra playing crucial roles. Maintaining proper function involves factors like renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, tubular function, and urine flow. Nephrons are the functional unit

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This educational material discusses the embryological origin and development of kidneys and ureters. It covers the three systems of kidney development, including the pronephric, mesonephric, and metanephric systems. Detailed descriptions of the formation of the permanent kidney (metanephros), the co

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This lecture by Prof. Ahmed Fathalla Ibrahim discusses the embryological origin of kidneys and ureters, the development of different kidney systems, the formation of the permanent kidney, and common anomalies associated with kidneys and ureters. It covers topics such as the nephrogenic ridge, pronep

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The excretory system serves a vital role in removing waste and maintaining internal balance. In humans, the kidneys and bladder are key components of this system, filtering wastes from the blood and producing urine. The kidneys have various functions, including waste elimination, fluid balance regul

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Cardiorenal Syndrome is a condition where dysfunction in one organ, whether acute or chronic, can lead to dysfunction in the other. This complex relationship involves intricate communication pathways between the heart and kidneys, impacting hemodynamic stability, organ perfusion, and neurohormonal i

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Dynamic tissue perfusion measurement using PixelFlux reveals microvascular perfusion loss in the kidneys of children with type 1 diabetes. This study examines the impact of diabetes duration, A1C levels, dyslipidemia, and blood pressure on renal microvessel disease. PixelFlux, a color Doppler ultras

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The urinary system, also known as the renal system, includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Its main functions are waste elimination, blood volume regulation, electrolyte control, and pH regulation. The kidneys, bean-shaped organs with a complex structure, filter blood to produce urine.

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The human urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter blood to produce urine, which is carried to the bladder through the ureters for storage until excretion. Each kidney is structured with renal pyramids and nephrons for blood filtration and waste remov

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The urinary system plays a crucial role in maintaining water and salt balance, regulating pH levels, and excreting waste products like urea and uric acid. Comprising of organs such as the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra, this system ensures the removal of metabolic waste from the body

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Kidney diseases are increasing globally. Once the kidneys fail to function properly, the patients will have severe health complaints. Failed kidneys if not treated in time can be fatal. The two treatments available for failed kidneys are either hemod

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Fatty Liver and Kidney Syndrome (FLKS) is a nutritional deficiency disease in poultry characterized by the accumulation of fat in the liver and kidneys. This syndrome can lead to morbidity and mortality in affected chickens, with symptoms like incoordination and abnormal movements. The liver and kid

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