In this segment of ENLS Version 5.0 Pharmacotherapy Pearls, a case study is presented focusing on hyperosmolar therapy for intracranial pressure (ICP) control in a 25-year-old male with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The patient has received multiple doses of sodium chloride and mannitol within 24 ho

0 views • 41 slides

A 75-year-old male post-sinus surgery developed tension pneumocephalus, causing intracranial air with mass effect and midline shift. Learn about its presentation, diagnosis, and management, including surgical decompression and conservative measures. Despite not needing surgery, the patient improved

0 views • 13 slides

This content presents a series of quizzes involving diuretics and their role in clinical scenarios related to heart failure, glaucoma, renal hemodynamics, and intracranial pressure. Questions cover various diuretic agents such as furosemide, acetazolamide, mannitol, and hydrochlorothiazide, focusing

0 views • 10 slides

In the severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) protocol, intracranial monitors measuring ICP and PbtO2 are placed within 12 hours of injury. Procedures include FiO2 challenges to check PbtO2 reliability and assess cerebral physiology. Challenges involving FiO2, MAP, and CO2 help guide ventilator setting

2 views • 27 slides

Cerebral edema is a life-threatening condition that can result from various factors such as trauma, infarction, hemorrhages, or tumors. This condition can lead to increased morbidity and mortality due to hemorrhage or herniation. New advances in understanding the pathophysiology of cerebral edema ha

1 views • 28 slides

Short-term goals for treating hemorrhagic stroke involve rapid neurointensive care to maintain adequate oxygenation, breathing, and circulation, along with managing increased intracranial pressure and blood pressure. Long-term management focuses on preventing complications, recurrent bleeding, delay

11 views • 9 slides

A study by DJ Graham et al. compared the risks of stroke, bleeding, and mortality in elderly Medicare beneficiaries with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treated with dabigatran or rivaroxaban. The study included over 118,000 patients and found that dabigatran was associated with a lower risk of majo

0 views • 9 slides

Lumbar puncture, also known as LP, is an invasive procedure used to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This procedure has a long history dating back to ancient times, with modern techniques developed in the late 19th century by Heinrich Quincke. LP is crucial f

2 views • 11 slides

Lumbar puncture is a medical procedure involving the insertion of a needle into the spinal subarachnoid space to collect cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Indications for performing a lumbar puncture include suspicion of meningitis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, CNS diseases lik

0 views • 17 slides

The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a crucial role as a dynamic component of the central nervous system, serving as a mechanical cushion, a source of nutrition, and aiding in waste product excretion. Understanding the production and absorption of CSF, as well as factors affecting these processes, is

0 views • 46 slides

Head injuries pose a significant threat to morbidity and mortality, with causes ranging from motor accidents to child abuse and falls. Understanding the epidemiology and pathophysiology of head injuries is crucial for effective management. Primary and secondary brain injuries necessitate immediate c

0 views • 42 slides

Understanding the pathophysiology of brain injuries, including intracranial pressure changes and specific injuries such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), skull fractures, brain bleeds, and diffuse axonal injuries. It covers classifications, diagnosis, and treatment approaches for mild/concussion, mod

0 views • 27 slides

Craniopharyngioma is a complex intracranial tumor with a rich historical background dating back to the early 20th century. Initially described by McLean, Frazier, Alpes, and famously studied by Cushing, this tumor continues to be a subject of debate and controversy in terms of treatment approaches a

0 views • 76 slides

Ophthalmologist Dr. Sanjeev Kumar Mittal from AIIMS Rishikesh discusses the ocular manifestations of intracranial lesions, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis by ophthalmologists. Symptoms include headaches, vision changes, seizures, and more, while signs may include visual field defects,

0 views • 32 slides

Brain tumors, whether primary or secondary, present with various clinical features such as neurological deficits, seizures, and raised intracranial pressure. The classification includes common types like gliomas, meningiomas, and medulloblastomas. Astrocytomas are the most common primary intracrania

0 views • 22 slides

This comprehensive guide explores the management of intracranial aneurysms, including incidence rates, mortality statistics, etiology, presentation, decision-making factors, and treatment options. It highlights the critical nature of timely intervention for ruptured aneurysms to prevent rebleeding a

0 views • 79 slides

This comprehensive overview covers the classification, subtypes, and spatial definitions of intracranial gliomas, including astrocytic tumors, oligodendrogliomas, ependymal tumors, neuronal tumors, pineal tumors, and embryonal tumors. It also discusses low-grade gliomas and spatial definitions based

0 views • 38 slides