Immune deficiencies can be classified into primary hereditary disorders based on clinical presentations, including cell-mediated, antibody-mediated, non-specific, and complement activation deficiencies. Major clinical manifestations of immune disorders range from B-cell deficiencies to phagocytic ce

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Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a rare autoimmune disease where the immune system wrongly attacks platelets, leading to low platelet count. It can affect individuals of all ages, with symptoms appearing post-virus, vaccination, or certain medications. ITP can result in fatigue, bruising, and bleedi

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Human genetic disorders encompass a range of conditions, from recessive disorders like cystic fibrosis to dominant disorders such as Huntington's disease. Examples include cystic fibrosis, Huntington's disease, and sickle-cell anemia. Understanding genetic disorders involves research and awareness o

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Dive into the world of immune system glossary terms with definitions and visual aids. Explore key concepts such as immune cell activation, adaptive immune response, antibodies, antigens, and more. Understand the complex processes within the immune system through informative images and concise explan

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Anxiety disorders, such as PTSD, panic disorders, phobias, agoraphobia, and OCD, are characterized by varying degrees of fear and distress. Anxiety is a normal response to danger, but when it becomes chronic, it can lead to debilitating conditions. PTSD occurs post-trauma, panic disorders involve in

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The immune system acts as a defense mechanism against pathogens and infections, comprising various organs, such as the bone marrow, thymus, spleen, white blood cells, antibodies, complement system, and the lymphatic system. It works to recognize and destroy harmful microbes, maintaining the body's h

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Somatic symptom disorders manifest as physical symptoms without apparent cause, while conversion disorders involve specific physical symptoms incompatible with medical conditions. Illness anxiety disorder involves interpreting normal sensations as disease symptoms. Dissociative disorders lead to a s

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Antigens are substances that stimulate the production of antibodies in the body, exhibiting specificity in immune reactions. They interact with immune response products like antibodies, BCRs, and TCRs. Immunogens induce detectable immune responses, leading to antibody production or T cell activation

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Understanding how parasites evade the immune system of their hosts is crucial in the field of immunoparasitology. Parasites have developed various strategies such as anatomical seclusion, antigenic variation, and intracellular living to avoid host immune responses. Examples include Plasmodium within

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Cytokines play a crucial role in immune response activation and regulation. They are secreted by various cell types like lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages, exerting diverse biological functions, including immune system development, inflammatory response induction, and hematopoiesis regulation.

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Autoimmunity refers to the immune system's failure to recognize its own cells, leading to attacks on self-tissues. Autoimmune disorders encompass over 80 chronic illnesses where the immune system mistakenly targets organs. These disorders are poorly understood and recognized, impacting various organ

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Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) are genetic disorders that disrupt metabolic pathways, leading to substrate accumulation or product deficiency. These disorders can be classified based on toxic accumulation, protein metabolism, carbohydrate intolerance, lysosomal storage issues, energy production d

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Co-occurring mental and physical health disorders are prevalent and require an integrative multidisciplinary approach for effective assessment and treatment. This holistic approach helps address the complexity of managing multiple disorders in an integrated healthcare setting. Through a multi-direct

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The immune system maintains a balance through tolerance mechanisms to prevent autoimmunity. Central and peripheral tolerance play crucial roles in immune unresponsiveness to self-antigens. Failure in immune regulation can lead to autoimmune diseases like diabetes and lupus. Vaccination, discovered b

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Hypersensitivity in immunology refers to an altered immune response against antigens, leading to hyperreactivity and immunopathology. This article delves into the different categories of adaptive hypersensitivities, focusing on Immediate (Type I), Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxic (Type II), and Immune Co

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Functional GI disorders encompass a range of conditions affecting the gastrointestinal system, such as irritable bowel syndrome and disorders of the gut-brain interaction. These disorders are characterized by no structural abnormalities but are influenced by factors like motility disturbance, viscer

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Parasitic infections pose complex challenges to the immune system due to the diverse nature of parasites, including protozoans and helminths. Protozoan parasites move between arthropod vectors and mammalian hosts, requiring both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Meanwhile, helminths, as mu

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Explore the intricate details of white blood cells (WBCs), their types, functions, formation, and crucial role in defending the body against infections. Delve into the immune system, comprising barriers, cells, tissues, and organs that combat invaders, with a focus on innate and adaptive immunity. L

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Our health is closely linked to the gut microbiome, with fiber playing a key role in feeding beneficial gut bacteria. Incorporating anti-inflammatory polyphenols from plant-based sources like fruits, vegetables, and herbs can promote a healthier gut. Additionally, fermented foods act as natural prob

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Genetic disorders are caused by abnormalities in genes or chromosomes, leading to various health conditions. Inherited disorders can be passed down from parents to children, affecting physical makeup and processes in the body. In India, there is a high prevalence of genetic disorders, particularly i

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Explore the intricate workings of the immune system, from its component parts and defense mechanisms to the significance of homeostasis maintenance. Discover how non-specific and specific immune responses, phagocytosis, neutrophils, natural killer cells, and interferons play vital roles in protectin

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Eating disorders are mental disorders characterized by unhealthy eating habits and can have severe physical and psychological consequences. This article explores the definition of eating disorders, signs to look out for, different types such as Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Pica, and Purging Di

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Eating disorders are complex neurobiological conditions that are not merely about control or weight management. These disorders can affect individuals of all genders, body sizes, and socioeconomic backgrounds. Dietitians play a crucial role in identifying, assessing, and treating eating disorders, a

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This presentation by Dr. Maria C. Monge covers the common eating disorders in teenage patients, potential medical complications, and the role of the medical team in treatment. It includes definitions of disorders like Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder according to DSM-5 cr

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Basic immunological terms explain the functions of the immune system, including defense against infection, homeostasis, and immunological surveillance. Immunodeficiencies are disorders of the immune system that impair its ability to carry out these functions. They can be classified into humoral, cel

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Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (C-IRIS) is a condition where rapid reversal of immunodeficiency triggers exaggerated inflammatory reactions in response to Cryptococcus antigens. It can manifest as either Unmasking IRIS or Paradoxical IRIS, with common CNS presentations incl

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The study explores the immunotoxic effects of industrial effluents on fin fish, highlighting xenobiotics' impact on the immune system. It discusses the sensitivity of the immune system to environmental toxins and the elicitation of immune reactions by various substances. The importance of fish as a

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Neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood and adolescence encompass a range of conditions including intellectual disabilities, communication disorders, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. These disorders impact cognitive development, adaptive functioning, and comm

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Apitherapy, the medical use of honeybee products, holds a rich history dating back to ancient civilizations like Egypt and Greece. It encompasses various bee-derived substances such as bee venom, honey, royal jelly, propolis, and beeswax, offering a holistic approach to healing immune-mediated disor

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Sleep disorders encompass various conditions affecting sleep patterns and quality. They are classified into categories such as insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, parasomnias, and sleep-related movement disorders.

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Grief and depressive disorders share similarities but also have distinct differences. Grief is a universal emotional state following loss, while depressive disorders involve prolonged mood disturbances. The stages of grief include denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance, with intervent

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The Human Genome Project, completed in 2003, aimed to identify all human genes and DNA sequences. Genetic disorders, like autosomal disorders and Huntington's disease, can result from mutations at different levels, affecting single genes, chromosomes, or multiple genes. Albinism and cystic fibrosis

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Stem cell transplantation involves addressing the issue of immune cells failing to recognize and eliminate tumor cells, known as "The Bad Boys." By removing the dormant immune cells and replacing them with new ones from a compatible donor, the therapy aims to empower the immune system to target and

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Explore the world of abnormal psychology through the lens of different disorders like depression, anxiety, and phobias. Learn about the definitions of abnormal behavior, DSM-V classifications, and various types of psychological disorders. Delve into the complexities of mental health conditions such

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Explore the different stages of the immune response, starting with macrophages in the innate immune system that act fast without memory. Follow the path to the spleen and lymph nodes where T cells, already educated at birth to recognize specific antigens, await. Witness the intricate dance of the im

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Psychiatric disorders are illnesses with various manifestations that impact functioning due to disturbances in biological, social, genetic, and other factors. Two key classification systems, ICD-10 and DSM-5, categorize over 200 types of psychiatric illnesses. The ICD-10 includes categories like org

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Explore the terminology, causes, characteristics, and results of genetic and congenital disorders, as well as the disorders of single-gene inheritance. Learn about autosomal dominant disorders like Marfan Syndrome and Neurofibromatosis. Discover how single-gene disorders are inherited and their impa

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Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) in children and adolescents are characterized by chronic or recurring symptoms that cannot be fully explained by current structural or biochemical tests. These disorders emphasize the role of normal development in symptom presentation and the lack of evi

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This presentation delves into the nuances of psychiatric pharmacology, exploring common psychiatric conditions, historical perspectives on medical treatments, categories of psychiatric medications, and principles of treatment. It also touches on mental illness definitions from DSM-IV-TR and DSM-V, a

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Exploring various mental health disorders such as Bipolar Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Panic Disorder, and Phobic Disorders. Learn about their symptoms, prevalence, and impacts on individuals' lives.

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