Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by overactive parathyroid glands leading to excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone and elevated blood calcium levels. This condition can cause symptoms like excessive urination, abdominal pain, weakness, and more. Primary hyperparathyroidism is often due to n

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The digestive system is responsible for the breakdown, absorption, and elimination of food. It involves processes such as ingestion, propulsion, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation. Starting from the mouth with salivary glands and oral cavity, it progresses through the esop

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Salivary gland imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring diseases of the major salivary glands, including the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Different imaging techniques such as computed tomography, MRI, and ultrasound are used to visualize these glands and aid in dif

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This comprehensive health assessment explores the intricate structures of the eye including the sclera, cornea, iris, retina, and optic disc. It delves into the visual pathways, accessory structures like eyelids and lacrimal glands, and special considerations like age and ethnicity. The visuals prov

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Pancreas is a vital organ in the abdomen with dual exocrine and endocrine functions. As an exocrine organ, it secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonates into the duodenum for food breakdown. In its endocrine role, the pancreas regulates blood sugar levels by secreting insulin, glucagon, somatostati

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The digestive system, comprising the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and accessory organs, plays a vital role in digestion. From the upper GI tract (oral cavity, esophagus, stomach) to the lower GI tract (small and large intestines), each part has specific functions. Understanding salivary glands and c

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Salivary gland affections in animals, particularly dogs, are discussed, highlighting the main pairs of salivary glands and their locations. The content covers details on the parotid, mandibular, sublingual, and zygomatic glands, along with their respective ducts. Information on congenital and acquir

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Glandular specialized epithelium forms a class of epithelial tissues with specific functions and structures, composed of cuboidal, columnar, and ciliated columnar epithelial cells. These tissues contain gland cells that are secretary in nature, with zymogen granules in the cytoplasm. Glands are spec

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Glandular epithelium consists of epithelial cells specialized in producing and secreting various macromolecules, found in glands throughout the body. These secretory cells can synthesize proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, with different types of glands such as exocrine and endocrine glands. The se

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The male reproductive system facilitates spermatogenesis, hormone production, and the physiological processes essential for ejaculation and erection. Sperm cells mature in the epididymis before passing through the vas deferens to reach the seminal vesicle, where they are nourished with nutrient-rich

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Fordyce granules and linea alba are common variations found on the surface of the lips and cheeks. Fordyce spots are enlarged oil glands that appear as white or yellow bumps, while linea alba is a white ridge of calloused tissue. These conditions are harmless but may cause concerns. Cheek biting and

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Cyclostomata, a group of jawless vertebrates, comprises hagfishes and lampreys, exhibiting unique characteristics such as cylindrical body, lack of pair fins, smooth skin, and presence of mucous glands. They possess specific features like circular mouth with teeth, lateral line sense organ, and two-

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Explore the intricate anatomy of the neck, including the various triangles, thyroid and parotid gland structures, as well as cervical lymph nodes. Delve into the essentials of neck mass evaluation, differential diagnosis, and management strategies. Enhance your knowledge of head and neck surgery thr

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The male reproductive system is responsible for producing and delivering fertile sperm, as well as regulating hormones like testosterone. It includes the scrotum, testes, ducts, and accessory glands. Important functions include spermatogenesis, thermoregulation, and supporting secondary sexual chara

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Animal glands play a significant role in medicine due to their healing properties. Glands contain digestive enzymes and hormones that are extracted for pharmaceutical purposes. The utilization of glands in India has been neglected but holds economic potential in major cities. Proper collection and p

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Diseases of the Hair, Wool, Follicles, and Skin Glands covers various conditions like alopecia, hypotrichosis, and the failure of follicles to develop or produce fibers. It discusses causes, pathogenesis, clinical findings, and treatments related to hair and skin issues. The content delves into cong

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Explore the fascinating world of hormonal control in animals through this GCSE Biology lesson. Learn about hormones, the endocrine system, glands, and their roles in maintaining homeostasis. Understand the advantages and disadvantages of hormonal coordination, and study specific hormones and their f

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Wool production in sheep involves the development of wool follicles starting from the basal layer of the epidermis. The process includes the formation of follicles during gestation, thickening of the basal layer into a plug, growth of accessory structures like glands, and the differentiation of cell

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The Goliath bird-eating spiders, belonging to the Animalia kingdom, are fascinating creatures found in South America. They are eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic, and exhibit sexual reproduction. These spiders have unique features like venomous glands, sensory hairs, and the ability to produce

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This content delves into the secretory functions of the alimentary tract, focusing on the secretion of saliva and the role of mastication. It covers the anatomy of salivary glands, composition of saliva, control of secretion by the nervous system, and the functions of saliva in lubrication, protecti

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Parathyroid glands play a crucial role in maintaining the body's calcium levels within a narrow range to support the proper functioning of the nervous and muscular systems. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates calcium concentration in the blood, impacting bone health and other physiological functions

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This content provides a detailed examination guideline for understanding the human endocrine system in the field of life sciences. It covers essential topics such as the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands, hormone functions, gland locations with functions, and key terminology related t

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Peripatus is a small, caterpillar-like terrestrial creature found in forests near water. It has dark grey or brown color, feeds on insects using mucous secreted by adhesive glands, and has a soft cylindrical body with bilateral symmetry. The body is divided into a head and trunk, with distinct featu

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This detailed histological study covers the structure and function of the thyroid and parathyroid glands. It includes information on the stroma, parenchyma, follicular cells, parafollicular cells, and the microscopic structure of the parathyroid gland. The article also delves into the functions of v

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The male reproductive system is a complex network involving gonads, ducts, and accessory glands that function to produce and transport sperm. Testes, the primary male gonads, play a crucial role in sperm production through a process called spermatogenesis. This system functions differently from the

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Glands play a crucial role in the body by producing and releasing substances for specific functions. Endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances through ducts onto bodily surfaces. Different types of exocrine glands, such as sweat glands,

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Test your biology knowledge with this quiz containing questions about glands, DNA base pairs, famous biologists, cell structures, chromosomes, respiratory gases, plant physiology, oncology, muscle chemistry, bacterial cells, vitamins, and more.

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The common integuments encompass the skin, hairs, skin glands, claws, hooves, and horns, playing vital roles in protection, thermoregulation, and drug administration. The skin's structure consists of the epidermis and dermis layers, renewing continuously to maintain its functions. Additionally, nail

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Human skin, the largest organ in the body, plays crucial roles in temperature regulation, protection, and sensory reception. With an intricate structure comprising multiple layers housing sensory nerves, glands, and blood vessels, our skin is a remarkable feature that constantly renews itself while

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Glands play a crucial role in meat science research, with various organs such as pancreas, adrenal glands, and parathyroid gland providing valuable biochemicals like insulin, thyroxine, and corticosteroids. The extraction methods and applications of these glands in food science and medicine are deta

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