Understanding Heart Sounds and Murmurs in Cardiology
Explore the intricacies of heart sounds and murmurs in cardiology, including their locations, characteristics, timing, and associated factors. Learn about the pitch, loudness, and types of murmurs, and understand the distinctions between systolic and diastolic murmurs. Enhance your knowledge of card
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Understanding Cardiac Output and Venous Return in Cardiovascular Physiology
Cardiac output, stroke volume, end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes play vital roles in cardiovascular function. Factors affecting cardiac output include physiological conditions and pathological states like hyperthyroidism and myocardial infarction. Venous return, controlled by mechanisms like Fr
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Understanding Blood Pressure Physiology in a Lab Setting
Blood pressure (BP) is the lateral pressure exerted by the column of blood on the artery wall. This lab aims to determine BP at rest and after exercise using a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope. Learn about systolic and diastolic pressures, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure. Methods include
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