Clinical features of anemia include cardiovascular adaptations, variations in symptom presentation based on speed and severity of onset, implications of age, and changes in the hemoglobin-O2 dissociation curve. Symptoms may range from breathlessness and weakness to cardiac issues, while signs like p

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Mental health issues are prevalent among COPD patients, affecting about 30% to 80% with comorbid depression and anxiety. This article aims to raise awareness among primary care professionals about identifying and managing mental health problems in COPD patients. Strategies include non-pharmacologica

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A 62-year-old patient with a history of COPD, AF, and metallic AVR on warfarin presented with left-sided chest pain and breathlessness. Initially diagnosed with a pleural effusion, subsequent imaging revealed a complicated parapneumonic effusion/empyema. Despite initial drainage and treatment, the p

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Dr. Andrew Thurston, a GP, emphasizes the importance of investigations like PEFR, spirometry, and more in the diagnosis of respiratory conditions such as asthma, COPD, and pulmonary fibrosis. The provided spirometry results for a 56-year-old woman prompt consideration of the most likely diagnosis. S

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of conditions involving reduced blood flow in the heart. Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) being more common in younger men. Prompt diagnosis, treatment, and adh

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A 25-year-old pregnant woman presented with a history of blunt trauma, diffuse pain, and urinary retention. Despite a normal initial ultrasound, she developed breathlessness and urinary issues. Clinical examination revealed significant pallor and diffuse abdominal tenderness. This case highlights th

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Learn about the symptoms that are considered normal during pregnancy and when you should be alarmed, such as chest pain, severe chest or back pain, breathlessness, anxiety, and palpitations. This guide highlights specific scenarios and risk factors that require urgent medical attention to ensure the

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A 76-year-old male with a history of COPD and Parkinsonism presents with breathlessness, cough, and thick white sputum. Laboratory findings show increased TLC, ESR, and Neutrophils. The chest X-ray reveals mild pleural effusion. Smoking is highlighted as a possible cause of COPD exacerbation. The pa

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Cardiovascular complications of thalassaemia can be categorized into iron overload-related issues such as myocyte failure and arrhythmias, and non-iron overload complications including pulmonary hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Cardiac iron accumulation poses a significant risk, leading to card

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A 55-year-old male presented with fever, breathlessness, and a history of Dengue fever. Further investigations revealed Diabetes Mellitus and LRTI with AKI. Treatment included antibiotics and supportive care.

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Breathlessness is a subjective sensation that varies among individuals and can be caused by various factors such as cancer, chronic respiratory disease, infections, and more. It affects a significant percentage of patients, particularly those with lung cancer. Understanding how breathlessness affect

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Oxygen inhalation is a vital medical intervention to treat low blood oxygen levels in children with respiratory issues. It helps manage hypoxia, maintain oxygen levels in the blood, and support normal cellular function. Common indications include cyanosis, breathlessness, anemia, and exposure to low

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A 23-year-old pregnant female with uncontrolled asthma, a 70-year-old with severe COPD exacerbation, a 50-year-old man with worsening breathlessness, and a 20-year-old with cystic fibrosis and Burkholderia cenocepacia colonization present challenging respiratory cases. The cases involve consideratio

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