The FIDE Laws of Chess is a comprehensive guide divided into four sections covering basic rules of play, tournament rules, and additional appendices. The preface emphasizes the importance of having competent arbiters for fair decision-making. Adherence to FIDE Laws is essential for games to be rated

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Introduction to standard combinational modules such as decoders, encoders, multiplexers (Mux), demultiplexers (DeMux), shifters, adders, and multipliers. Exploring their behaviors, logic, and applications in signal transport, data processing, and address manipulation. Detailed explanation of how dec

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