Reproductive hormones play crucial roles in the body, acting as chemical signals released by endocrine cells. In males, hormones like testosterone, gonadotropin, and estrogen regulate various functions related to reproduction. Similarly, in females, hormones like GnRH, FSH, and LH are essential for

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Peptides and glycoproteins are secreted by the hypothalamus and pituitary, regulating anterior pituitary hormones. Hormones like adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) play crucial roles. Synthetic adrenocorticosteroids have limited the use of corticotropin for

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This content delves into the detailed structure and function of the adrenal gland, focusing on the differentiation between the cortex and medulla, the histological features of each zone, and the hormones produced. From the distinction of various cortical layers to the role of chromaffin cells in the

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Mitotane 500 mg represents a promising advancement in the treatment of adrenal cortex cancer in India. Known for its targeted approach, Mitotane effectively disrupts adrenal cancer cell function and growth. Its use offers hope for improved survival rates and better quality of life for patients. As a

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Bioidentical Hormone Replacement Therapy (BHRT) involves using compounded hormones that are chemically identical to the hormones in the human body. Customized compounded bioidentical hormones offer flexible dosing based on individual needs, with growing clinical validation for hormone optimization.

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The thyroid gland is a vital endocrine gland located below the larynx, responsible for producing thyroid hormones essential for regulating metabolism. This gland consists of follicles lined with follicular cells, producing thyroglobulin and thyroid hormones T3 and T4. Iodine plays a crucial role in

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Plant hormones play crucial roles in various plant processes such as growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. Auxins, gibberellins, and abscisic acid are key plant hormones that regulate tropisms, cell division, elongation, flowering, seed germination, and dormancy. Understanding

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Plant hormones are essential chemicals that enable plants to respond to environmental stimuli, regulate growth processes like cell division and elongation, and control key developmental stages such as flowering and fruit development. Key hormones include auxin, gibberellins, and abscisic acid, each

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Plant hormones, also known as phytohormones, play crucial roles in regulating various cellular processes within plants. They affect gene expression, cellular division, and growth, among other functions. The five major classes of plant hormones include auxins, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, and

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Cells communicate through extracellular signalling molecules that bind to specific receptors on target cells, leading to changes in cellular behavior. Hormones such as steroid and peptide hormones, neurotransmitters like nor-adrenaline and acetylcholine, play crucial roles in cell signaling. Recepto

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This educational material delves into the types and biosynthesis of thyroid hormones, the physiological actions of thyroid hormones, regulation levels, thyroid function tests, goiter, and the distinction between hypo- and hyperthyroidism. It covers the role of thyroid hormones in thermogenesis, meta

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Corticosteroids are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, classified into glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Glucocorticoids have diverse effects on metabolism, immune responses, and inflammation, whereas mineralocorticoids regulate electrolyte balance. Mechanistically, corticosteroi

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Explore the significance of adrenal androgens in the endocrine system, including their production, function, and impact on male and female physiology. Learn about conditions like adrenogenital syndrome and the crucial role of adrenal cortex in hormone synthesis.

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During pregnancy, endocrinological structures like the corpus luteum and placenta play vital roles in the production of hormones such as progesterone and estrogens. Progesterone maintains pregnancy by controlling essential functions like endometrial differentiation, myometrial quiescence, and local

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Thyroid hormones, including triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), are essential for regulating metabolism, growth, development, body temperature, and heart rate. They are tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland, requiring iodine for synthesis. T3 affects various physiological proce

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The adrenal gland consists of the cortex and the medulla, each responsible for secreting different hormones. The cortex produces glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and adrenal androgens, while the medulla secretes catecholamines. Corticosteroids play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, stress

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Explore the intricate role of hormones in the menstrual cycle, including the names and functions of key hormones like oestrogen, progesterone, FSH, and LH. Learn how these hormones interact and change throughout the cycle, influencing ovulation and menstruation. Dive into activities and resources to

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This lecture covers the types, biosynthesis, actions, regulation, and clinical implications of thyroid hormones. It explains the functions of thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3), their synthesis in the thyroid gland, and their transport in the body. The role of thyroid hormones in thermogenesi

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Corticosteroids are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, divided into glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. They play crucial roles in metabolism, immunity, inflammation, and electrolyte balance. Glucocorticoids like cortisol stimulate gluconeogenesis, influence glucose levels, and hav

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Addison's Disease, a primary adrenocortical hypofunction, involves the adrenal gland's cortex and its hormone synthesis. The condition affects aldosterone and cortisol production, impacting electrolyte balance and blood pressure regulation. Learn about the anatomical and histological aspects of the

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Benefits, risks, and uses of bioidentical hormones, including pellets, for menopause relief. ingredients and differences. Bioidentical hormones are a choice for hormone therapy for menopause, providing a natural alternative to synthetic hormones. Und

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Hormones are chemical messengers that play a crucial role in regulating various metabolic functions in the body. They are transported through the bloodstream to tissues and organs, affecting processes like growth, metabolism, and reproduction. Some hormones have autocrine and paracrine effects in ad

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Changes during adolescence are driven by hormones like testosterone in boys and estrogen in girls, leading to physical developments such as facial hair growth and breast development. Hormones play a crucial role in initiating reproductive functions, with endocrine glands releasing hormones to target

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Plant growth regulators, also known as plant hormones, play a crucial role in regulating growth and development in plants. They are organic compounds that act at low concentrations to promote, inhibit, or modify growth processes. The main plant hormones include auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, absc

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Discover key insights on managing life without adrenals, including discussions on adrenal hormones, optimal replacement strategies, necessary tests, stress dosing, and more. Explore the roles of the adrenal glands, hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone, and the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Axis

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Hormones found in implants and naturally in animals and plants can impact estrogen levels, but the connection to cancer risk is complex. This article explores the presence of hormones in food, the concept of nanograms, human estrogen production, and the implications of using implants in beef product

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Tehran University of Medical Sciences' Research Center for Nuclear Medicine specializes in PET-CT imaging for adrenal tumors. Dr. Arman Hassanzadeh-Rad, MD, explains the principles of PET imaging, hybrid imaging combining PET and CT, F-18 FDG use, SUV measurement, and more. PET-CT allows for both at

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This endocrine potpourri covers various cases involving adrenal insufficiency, adrenal crisis, adrenal incidentalomas, and patient education. It includes a detailed case presentation, treatment guidelines for adrenal crisis, patient education on adrenal insufficiency, and evaluation of adrenal nodul

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Plant growth hormones and defense mechanisms play crucial roles in how plants respond to environmental stimuli such as water, sunlight, gravity, and more. From auxins promoting cell growth to gibberellins stimulating flowering, this presentation educates on the intricacies of plant hormones and thei

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Plant hormones are vital compounds that regulate various processes in plant growth and development. They are mostly organic and can be gases. These hormones are produced in one part of the plant and transported to other parts where they induce physiological effects. The main phytohormones include Au

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Explore the fascinating world of animal behavior, from the deception of recognition mechanisms in gulls to Karl von Frisch's experiments on fish sensory abilities. Learn how behavioral assays shed light on animal sensory powers and how hormones play a crucial role in regulating animal behavior. Disc

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The endocrine system, consisting of glands that release hormones into the bloodstream, plays a crucial role in regulating various body processes like metabolism, growth, reproduction, and stress response. Key glands include the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal, ovaries, and testes, each produci

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This extensive radiological imaging review covers a wide range of topics in abdominal and adrenal pathologies, discussing differential diagnoses, imaging modalities such as CT and USG, specific syndromes like prune belly syndrome, and conditions like retroperitoneal fibrosis. It delves into various

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The endocrine system comprises glands that release hormones into the bloodstream, influencing various bodily functions. Key glands include the pituitary, pineal, thyroid, pancreas, gonads, and adrenal glands, each playing a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, stress response, and reproduc

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The endocrine system, comprising glands such as the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, and more, produces hormones that regulate various bodily functions. These hormones target specific cells with receptors, influencing metabolism, growth, energy usage, and more. By understanding how hormones interact wi

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The thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped structure located on the ventral surface of the trachea, secretes hormones essential for regulating metabolic rate, growth, and development. It produces hormones like Tetraiodothyronine T4, Triiodothyronine T3, and Calcitonin, which play crucial roles in maintai

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The syllabus covers relevant anatomy and physiology related to the gastrointestinal tract, emphasizing the regulation of feeding processes. It discusses the role of gut hormones such as ghrelin, obestatin, cholecystokinin, pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and peptide YY (PYY) in controlling appetite, en

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The endocrine system plays a crucial role in regulating reproductive processes by secreting hormones that influence cellular activity. This system involves ductless glands like the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and other endocrine glands working together in a feedback mechanism. Hormones of various

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Plant hormones, also known as phytohormones, are essential chemical compounds in plants that regulate various developmental processes. They include auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid, each with specific functions in growth, reproduction, and response to environmental stimu

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The body's functions are coordinated by various chemical messenger systems, including neurotransmitters, endocrine hormones, neuroendocrine hormones, paracrines, autocrines, and cytokines. Endocrine hormones travel through the circulatory system, binding to receptors in cells to regulate metabolism,

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