Impact of Industrial Revolution on Andhra under British Rule
The Industrial Revolution in England had significant repercussions on Andhra under British rule, leading to a decline in local industries, exploitation of resources, and economic setbacks. Due to England's mercantilism, Andhra suffered the loss of self-sufficiency and prosperity, with industries being ruined and agriculture neglected. The effects were felt across various sectors, creating disadvantages such as the decline of famous industries and the transformation of traditional professions. Despite some attempts by the British government to start industries post the 1857 revolt, progress was hindered by capital shortages.
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN ANDHRA UNDER BRITISH RULE
B. Chennaiah Lecturer Department of History Hindu College, Guntur.
INTRODUCTION THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION STARTED IN ENGLAND IN THE SECOND HALF OF 18TH CENTURY. IN THIS SITUATION WHEN THE WORLD WAS PROSPEROUS WITH THE RESULT OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION OUR COUNTRY / STATE ANDHRA WAS TRAILING BEHIND WITH THE AGE OF OLD HANDLOOM INDUSTRIES. THUS OUR COUNTRY OR ANDHRA IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE CAPTURE BY THE ENGLISH, HAD BECOME THE VICTIM OF THE MERCANTILISM OF ENGLAND.
EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ENGLAND TREATED OUR COUNTRY AS A MINE OF SUPPLYING THE RAW MATERIALS REQUIRED FOR THEIR COUNTRY S INDUSTRIES AND AS A MARKET FOR THEIR FINISHED GOODS. AS A RESULT OUR COUNTRY WITH SELF SUFFICIENT AND PROSPERITY BEFORE THE ADVENT OF ENGLAND, AFTER THAT SUFFERED THE EXPLOITATION AND BECAME AN ECONOMICALLY BACKWARD NATION. BRITISH PEOPLE RUINED THE LOCAL INDUSTRIES, NEGLECTED THE AGRICULTURE AND DID NOT TAKE UP THE FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENTAL PROPOSALS. BY ALL THESE THINGS LOST ITS ORIGINALITY OF NATURE AND IDENTITY.
EFFECTS IN ANDHRA THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN ANDHRA CAN BE BROADLY DIVIDED INTO TWO CATEGORIES : A.ADVANTAGES AND B. DISADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES: 1.INDUSTIAL SECTOR 2.COMMERCIAL SECTOR 3.AGRICULTURE SECTOR
DISADVANTAGES 1. INDUSTRIAL SECTOR : . RAW MATERIALS LIKE MICA FROM NELLORE AND MANGANESE FROM VIJAYANAGARAM WERE TRANSPORTED TO ENGLAND AT VERY CHEAP PRICES. . FAMOUS INDUSTRIES WERE DECLINED LIKE : HAND KERCHIEFS- NELLORE, SILKS - BERHAMPUR AND PEDDAPURAM, DHOTIS NARAYANAPUR, MUSLIN CLOTH SRIKAKULAM, HANDLOOMS TENALI AND MACHILIPATNAM. THE BANGLES INDUSTRIES, PAPER INDUSTRIES, THE IRON INDUSTRIES, THE GLASS AND THR PORCELAIN INDUSTRIES WERE ALMOST RUINED
THE GOVERNMENT TOOK STEPS TO STOP THE PRODUCTION OF THE ITEM IN INDIA WHICH WERE IMPORTED FROM BRITAIN. INSTEAD THEY ENCOURAGED THE PRODUCTION OF COFFEE, TEA AND BANKING BUSINESS WHICH WERE PROFITABLE TO THEM. THEN THE OLD PROFFESSIONS, VILLAGE INDUSTRIES DAMAGED AND THE PERSONS DEPENDANT ON THEM LOST THEIR LIVELIHOOD AND REMAINED AS THE AGRICULTURAL LABOURERS. SOME PEOPLE MIGRATED TO CEYLONE, BURMA, MALAYA AND OTHER COUNTRIES. AS A RESULT OF 1857 REVOLT, BRITISH STARTED SOME INDUSTRIES UNDER BRITISH CROWN. BUT BECAUSE OF LACK OF CAPITAL, THE ESTABLISHMENT OF INDUSTRIESHAD MOVED SLOWLY.
2. COMMERCIAL SECTOR: . THE GREAT TRADE CENTRES LIKE MACHILIPATNAM, VISAKHAPATNAM, MOTUPALLI AND KORANGI WERE DECLINED AND MADRAS PORT WAS SPRANG UP. .UPTO1852 THERE WERE NO DEVELOPMENT IN RAILWAYS AND ROAD WAYS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDIGENOUS TRADES. IN 1847 THERE WERE ONLY ONE ROAD WITH 3110 MILES OF LENGTH IN MADRAS PRESIDENCY. .SINCE THE SEA PORTS ARE CLOSED THERE WERE NOI DEVELOPMENT IN THE WATER WAYS. THE CHECK POSTS WERE ESTABLISHED FOR EVERY 10 MILES WHICH RESULT IN PAYING OF HEAVY TAXES AND INDEGENOUS TRADES WERE DECLINED.
3. AGRICULTURE SECTOR: .INDIA IS AN AGRICULTURE ORIENTED COUNTRY, WHERE THE LOT OF PEOPLE WERE DEPEND ON IT WHO LOST THEIR LIVES BECAUSE OF DECLINED IN INDUSTRIES. .LACK OF SUPPORT FROM THE GOVERNMENT DURING THE TIMES OF FAMINES, HEAVY RAINS, DROUGHTS AND FLOODS. . OLD AGRICULTURE SYSTEMS, SMALL PORTIONS OF LAND, ZAMINDARI SYSTEM AND EXPLOITING REVENUE SYSTEM OF BRITISH HAD COMPLETELY RUINED INDIAN AGRICULTURE. . NO STEPS WERE TAKEN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURE OR THE WELFARE OF THE FARMER. . THE BRITISH FORCED THE FARMERS TO GROW THE COMMERCIAL CROPS LIKE TOBACCO, INDIGO AND COTTON WHICH LATER RESULT IN SHORTAGE OF FOOD GRAINS. . NOT GET REASONABLE PRICES BUT HAVE TO PAY HIGH RATE OF TAX AND FACED POVERTY CONDITIONS.
ADVANTAGES EVEN THOUGH THE BRITISH EXPLOITED INDIA BUT THEY ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR INDIA IN ENTERING INTO THE INDUSTRIAL AGE. THEY PROVIDE MANY ROADS AND RAILWAYS TO DEVELOP RELATION BETWEEN OURSELVES LIKE MADRAS AND NELLORE RAILWAY LINE IN 1888, RAJAHAMUNDRY AND CHENNAPURI LINE IN 1900, VISAKHAPATNAM AND CHENNAPURI LINE IN 1893. CLOTH MILL, CEMENT FACTORIES, JUTE MILLS, IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRIES WERE STARTED. MANY DAMS WERE CONSTRUCTED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE LIKE-GODAVARI DAM IN 1852, KRISHNA DAM IN 1857, PENNA DAM IN 1860, K.C. CANAL IN 1890 AND BUCKINGHAM CANAL IN 1877.
CONCLUSION THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HAD COMPLETELY CHANGED THE DIRECTION AND THE NATURE OF INDIA. OUR STATE ANDHRA IS STILL IN THE BEGINNING OF THE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT. INDIA BEING KNOW THE IMPORTANT AND VALUE OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TRYING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIES.
