Overview of the Basic Law of Hong Kong
The Basic Law of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a key legal document enacted by the National People's Congress in accordance with the Constitution of China. It defines the relationship between the Central Authorities and Hong Kong, outlines the political structure, election method for the Chief Executive, and specifies various authorities given to Hong Kong residents. The Constitution serves as the foundation for the nation, emphasizing respect and adherence by citizens.
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Enactment of the Basic Law The full name of the Basic Law is The Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region , which was enacted by the National People s Congress in accordance with the Constitution of the People s Republic of China.
The status and importance of the Constitution The Constitution provides the legal foundation for the nation. It is widely recognised in the international community that citizens should respect and observe the Constitution.
The relationship between the Central Authorities and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region The laws previously in force in Hong Kong shall be maintained, except for any that contravene the Basic Law. The Basic Law stipulates the relationship between the Central Authorities and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Central People s Government shall be responsible for Hong Kong s foreign affairs and defence. The Central People s Government shall also be responsible for the appointment of the Chief Executive and Principal Officials of the Executive Authorities of Hong Kong.
The political structure of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region The Basic Law stipulates the political structure of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, including the Chief Executive, the Executive Authorities, the Legislature, the Judiciary, District Organisations and Public Servants.
Election method of the Chief Executive and who he/ she shall be accountable to The Basic Law also states the method for electing the Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The Chief Executive is accountable to both the Central People s Government and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
Types of authority given to Hong Kong by the Basic Law The Basic Law specifies the rights and duties of the Hong Kong residents, and also issues relating to economy, education, religion and external affairs. The Basic Law gives Hong Kong different types of authority, such as issuing currency and passports.
Adapting and drafting the Basic Law The Central Government has implemented the One Country, Two Systems policy in Hong Kong. Therefore, the opinions of Hong Kong people have been taken into account when drafting the Basic Law.
Adapting and drafting the Basic Law For instance, China had its family planning policy in the 80s. Hong Kong people were worried that the same policy would be implemented in Hong Kong after the handover. Therefore, Article 37 of the Basic Law stipulates that The freedom of marriage of Hong Kong residents and their right to raise a family freely shall be protected by law .
Conclusion From the example just provided, we can see that the provisions in the Basic Law reflect China s sovereignty while addressing the needs of Hong Kong people.
