Enhancing Land Degradation Neutrality Targets in Lebanon's National Action Programme

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Integrating LDN targets into Lebanon's National Action Programme, led by Dr. Chadi Mohanna, aims to align the NAP with the UNCCD's 10-Year Strategy, set national targets for Land Degradation Neutrality, and implement measures to combat land degradation aggravated by climate change. The project focuses on assessing changes in land cover, selecting national targets, developing exposure and investment guidelines, and supporting sustainable land management projects. With Lebanon being one of the most forested countries in the Middle East, addressing land degradation is crucial to preserve its natural resources.

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INTEGRATING LDN TARGETS IN THE INTEGRATING LDN TARGETS IN THE NATIONAL ACTION NATIONAL ACTION PROGRAMME CREATING LEVERAGES WITH CLIMATE CREATING LEVERAGES WITH CLIMATE CHANGE AGENDA CHANGE AGENDA IN LEBANON IN LEBANON PROGRAMME AND AND Dr. Dr. Chadi Mohanna Chadi Mohanna Director of natural resources Director of natural resources Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture Lebanon Lebanon 1

NAP-LDN NAP Project LDN Funded by GEF- UNEP Funded by GM/UNCCD and UNDP Mainstreamed into NAP Executed by AFDC and MoA 2

Aims Updating Setting Updating the NAP and aligning it to the 10-Years Strategy of the UNCCD Setting national targets towards Land Degradation Neutrality 3

Specific Objectives Updating Updating the NAP Assessing changes in land cover/ land use, productivity and soil organic carbon stocks through geoprocessing tools Assessing Selecting national voluntary targets for land degradation neutrality at various administrative levels across the country Selecting Developing an exposure to land degradation map and an implementation tool Developing Proposing Proposing land investment guidelines 4

New New NAP/ NAP/LDN LDN At the time of the first NAP, very few projects were developed and implemented Now many projects are dealing with SLM While LDN addresses directly SDG 15.3, implementing the national targets and their related measures will contribute to the implementation of other SDG 5

According to data from the 2015 Global FRA: Forests cover 13.2% Other Wooded Lands (OWL) cover 10.2% 23.4% of the Lebanese land area covered by forests, woodlands and schrubs. Other lands with trees, including fruit trees, olive yards, highly degraded forest lands that do not fall under Forests or OWL cover 11% of the total land area. These figures make Lebanon one of the most forested countries in the Middle East. CURRENT CURRENT SITUATION SITUATION 6

LAND LAND DEGRADATION DEGRADATION AGGRAVATED AGGRAVATED BY CLIMATE BY CLIMATE CHANGE CHANGE Fire Pests and Diseases Fragmentation/Urban Crawl/Quarries/ Roads/ Pollution/ Changes in Land-Uses Rangeland mismanagement Forest/Other wooded-lands mismanagement Unsustainable agricultural practices 7

ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING The aim of the work is to assist in setting national targets towards Land Degradation Neutrality. The specific objectives are: 1. Assessment of baseline trends in landcover/land-use, land productivity, and soil organic carbon stocks using geo-processing tools 2. Mapping exposure to land degradation 3. Setting national voluntary targets for land degradation neutrality 8

Losses in landcover/land-use (2000-2010) 9

Loss of SOC per landcover type 10

LDN - TARGET SETTING PROGRAMME UNCCD - GM 11

LAND- COVER TARGET MEASURES EXAMPLES OF EXISTING INITIATIVES SDG ADDRESSED Restore forest landscapes through reforestation of at least 10,000 ha - 40 MT Program Goal 13: Climate Action FORESTS Goal 15: Life on Land Implement Sustainable Forest Management measures to maintain healthy forests on public and private forests SALMA Project (FAO- GEF) SM of the Qaroun lake (UNDP-GEF) Goal 2: Zero Hunger Goal 13: Climate Action Goal 15: Life on Land 12

LAND- COVER TARGET MEASURES EXAMPLES OF EXISTING INITIATIVES MOA SDG ADDRESSED Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities FORESTS Develop and manage Urban and Peri- Urban forests and parks Goal 13: Climate Action Goal 15: Life on Land Goal 13: Climate Action Protect life on earth and conserve biological diversity through Protected Areas, National Parks and other systems Reduce the risk of forest fires through Sustainable Forest Management, especially around villages and towns Protected Areas, Natural reserves Goal 15: Life on Land Forest Fires Strategy SALMA Project (FAO- GEF) Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities Goal 13: Climate Action 13

LAND-COVER TARGET MEASURES EXAMPLES OF EXISTING INITIATIVES SDG ADDRESSED Restore rangelands/grasslands landscapes on at least 1,000 ha through seeding of local species Goal 13: Climate Action AGRICAL (IFAD) GRASSLANDS Goal 15: Life on Land FRLM (FAO) Goal 13: Climate Action Restore rangelands/grasslands landscapes through Sustainable Management Goal 15: Life on Land Promote sustainable grazing and animal production (local breeds of goats and sheep) Goal 2: Zero Hunger Goal 13: Climate Action Grazing regulations Goal 15: Life on Land 14

LAND-COVER TARGET MEASURES EXAMPLES OF EXISTING INITIATIVES Green Plan SDG ADDRESSED Goal 2: Zero Hunger Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production Goal 13: Climate Action Goal 15: Life on Land Goal 2: Zero Hunger Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production Goal 13: Climate Action Goal 15: Life on Land Goal 2: Zero Hunger Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production Goal 13: Climate Action Goal 15: Life on Land Restore Agricultural Lands on at least 7,000 ha Canal 800 (irrigating 26,000ha of lands) AGRICULTURE Climate Smart Agriculture and Conservation Agriculture Promote Sustainable Agricultural Practices, on at least 80,000 ha Fair Trade Towns Promote sustainable traditional agricultural production through the implementation of Fair Trade Towns and other similar initiatives 15

LAND LAND- -COVER COVER TARGET MEASURES TARGET MEASURES EXAMPLES OF EXISTING EXAMPLES OF EXISTING INITIATIVES INITIATIVES SDG ADDRESSED SDG ADDRESSED Goal 2: Zero Hunger Green Plan Improve agricultural production through increasing the water availability in the uplands Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production AGRICULTURE AGRICULTURE Goal 13: Climate Action Goal 15: Life on Land Goal 6: Clean Water and Sanitation Sustainable Management of the Qaroun lake (UNDP- GEF) Reduce the agricultural pollution of water streams through sustainable agricultural practices Goal 12: Responsible Consumption and Production Goal 13: Climate Action 16

LAND- COVER TARGET MEASURES EXAMPLES OF EXISTING INITIATIVES SDG ADDRESSED Goal 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities Reduce erosion, land- slides and floods through SLM measures on bare lands, degraded lands and watersheds FLRM OTHER LANDS Goal 13: Climate Action Goal 15: Life on Land Goal 13: Climate Action Reduce the risk of disturbance of marine ecosystems from land based pollution through SLM practices Goal 14: Life Below Water Goal 15: Life on Land 17

Institutional Measures Implement Land Classification systems and Cadastral Zoning in order to reduce the conversion of natural and agricultural systems into other land-uses Implement Mainstream Land Degradation Neutrality into sectorial policies and strategies (NAP) Mainstream Develop financial incentives for the implementation of sustainable land management practices, in line with mitigation and adaptation strategies on climate change and conservation of biological diversity Develop Develop partnerships with local, national and international organization for the promotion of sustainable land management practices and land degradation neutrality Develop 18

PARTNERSHIP Working with Several Partners: FAO, UNDP, UNCCD, UNEP, IFAD, ICARDA, ACSAD, NGOs 19

Forest and Landscape Restoration identified as one of the main tools to achieve LDN targets Forest and Landscape LDN AND FLRM (FAO) Need to identify private initiatives, sustainable practices, income generating, diversified, replicable Need Develop transformative projects that could be funded Develop

Sustainable Land Management in the Qaraoun Catchment, Lebanon (UNDP/GEF) Objectives: Alleviation of land degradation Maintenance of ecosystem services Improvement in livelihoods 21

URBAN and PERI-URBAN FORESTS and TREES Several projects are addressing the forestry sector Urban and peri-urban forests and trees play a major role in the livelihood systems They could play a major role in the prevention of disasters They could also increase the risk of certain disasters (mismanagement increases risk of forest fires) 22