Re-Investing in Supported Employment: Turning Tides and Future Perspectives

 
David Mank, Ph.D. and Teresa Grossi, Ph.D.
Indiana Institute on Disability and Community
Indiana University
www.iidc.indiana.edu
Turning Tides: Re-Investing in the
Future of Supported Employment
 
APSE – November, 2013
 
WORK: 
Intentional physical or
mental effort directed toward the
production or accomplishment of
something, most often to benefit
someone other than one’s self.
 
Initial investments in the 1980’s
and 1990’s created an
environment of possibility.
 
Supported employment
emerged in federal law in 1984.
P. L. 98-527
 
The history from the late 1970’s to
the present includes a host of
developments and documentation of
positive outcomes, development of
improved methods, organizational
approaches, systemic strategies, as
well as policy and funding
mechanisms.
 
There is an unevenness across
states in the implementation of
employment options.
 
 
There are about 20% of people in
some day service with access to
integrated employment, and this
average has been much the same
for nearly 20 years.
 
From impossible to possible ….
From possible to beneficial ….
From beneficial to allowed ….
From allowed to preferred ….
From preferred to expected ….
From expected to required ….
    …. to the same standard as everyone else
Employment
 
U. S. Department of Labor, Office of Disability
Employment Policy
Administration on Intellectual and
Developmental Disabilities
Department of Education
Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services
Social Security Administration
Renewed National
Scale Investment
 
Alliance for Full Participation
National Governor’s Association
Employment First Approaches
AND …
 
Supported Employment Methods
Customized Employment
Self-Employment
Project Search
Transition
Improvements in
Employment Implementation
 
Excellent job match
Maximum hours / week possible
Neutral supports
Benefits planning
Personalize
Take advantage of what is ‘typical’ in a job
setting
Maximizing Individual Outcomes
Funding Focused
on Outcomes
 
Individual Choices
Family Experiences
Legislation
New Information About
Sheltered Settings
 
Few hours day / week
Group employment
Sub-minimum wage
Providers as employer of record
Aggressive use of tax credits
Protecting SSI/SSDI benefits
Ways to Diminish
Outcomes
 
 
Over 300 different types of
cereals?
Over 40 different types of
toothpaste?
Over 230 different types of soups?
Did You Know That We
Have Choice Of:
 
How many work experiences (paid or
nonpaid) do individuals with disabilities
typically have prior to a permanent job?
How many experiences does it take before
truly understanding a person’s strengths,
preferences, interests, and needs?
How many opportunities prior to closing
the case?
Choice For Individuals:
 
People choose to congregate
People are happy where they are
Its too expensive
The community is not a friendly place
Some people aren’t “ready”
Some people are too severely disabled
Supported Employment is simply a
different – not a better - paradigm
Arguments Against Expansion
of Supported Employment
Renewed
Business
Leadership:
 
 
Walgreens, Starbucks,
BLN’s and More
Litigation
 
 
U. S. Department of Justice
 
Renewed Investment in
Transition and Post
Secondary Education
 
International
Developments
 
 
Rising Voice of
Self-Advocates
(sabe.org)
 
Equal employment opportunities for
equal pay for all people
Immediately, no new people can go
into sheltered workshops
Immediately, no new people can go
join an enclave
Ending sub-minimum wage in 2012
Ending enclaves in 2014
Therefore, Be It Resolved
 
Funding Constraints:
Hours of employment delivered for
people that do get jobs
Continued slow pace of expansion
“Benefits trap”
Sustained pressure in states to
expand day services
Potential Threats to Further
Expansion of Integrated Employment
 
Policy
Litigation
Research
Implementation
Funding
Implications
 
Do what we already know how to do
Put control of resources in the hands of
people with disabilities
Eradicate policy conflicts
Close the door of entry into segregated
programs
Expand investment with employers
Invest in broader community initiatives
A New Path to Change
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Initial investments in supported employment in the 1980s and 1990s paved the way for positive outcomes and policy developments, yet there remains uneven implementation across states. The journey from impossible to required standards for integrated employment highlights the need for renewed national investments in creating opportunities for all.


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  1. Turning Tides: Re-Investing in the Future of Supported Employment David Mank, Ph.D. and Teresa Grossi, Ph.D. Indiana Institute on Disability and Community Indiana University www.iidc.indiana.edu APSE November, 2013

  2. WORK: Intentional physical or mental effort directed toward the production or accomplishment of something, most often to benefit someone other than one s self.

  3. Initial investments in the 1980s and 1990 s created an environment of possibility.

  4. Supported employment emerged in federal law in 1984. P. L. 98-527

  5. The history from the late 1970s to the present includes a host of developments and documentation of positive outcomes, development of improved methods, organizational approaches, systemic strategies, as well as policy and funding mechanisms.

  6. There is an unevenness across states in the implementation of employment options.

  7. There are about 20% of people in some day service with access to integrated employment, and this average has been much the same for nearly 20 years.

  8. Employment From impossible to possible . From possible to beneficial . From beneficial to allowed . From allowed to preferred . From preferred to expected . From expected to required . . to the same standard as everyone else

  9. Renewed National Scale Investment U. S. Department of Labor, Office of Disability Employment Policy Administration on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Department of Education Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services Social Security Administration

  10. AND Alliance for Full Participation National Governor s Association Employment First Approaches

  11. Improvements in Employment Implementation Supported Employment Methods Customized Employment Self-Employment Project Search Transition

  12. Maximizing Individual Outcomes Excellent job match Maximum hours / week possible Neutral supports Benefits planning Personalize Take advantage of what is typical in a job setting

  13. Funding Focused on Outcomes

  14. New Information About Sheltered Settings Individual Choices Family Experiences Legislation

  15. Ways to Diminish Outcomes Few hours day / week Group employment Sub-minimum wage Providers as employer of record Aggressive use of tax credits Protecting SSI/SSDI benefits

  16. Did You Know That We Have Choice Of: Over 300 different types of cereals? Over 40 different types of toothpaste? Over 230 different types of soups?

  17. Choice For Individuals: How many work experiences (paid or nonpaid) do individuals with disabilities typically have prior to a permanent job? How many experiences does it take before truly understanding a person s strengths, preferences, interests, and needs? How many opportunities prior to closing the case?

  18. Arguments Against Expansion of Supported Employment People choose to congregate People are happy where they are Its too expensive The community is not a friendly place Some people aren t ready Some people are too severely disabled Supported Employment is simply a different not a better - paradigm

  19. Renewed Business Leadership: Walgreens, Starbucks, BLN s and More

  20. Litigation U. S. Department of Justice

  21. Renewed Investment in Transition and Post Secondary Education

  22. International Developments

  23. Rising Voice of Self-Advocates (sabe.org)

  24. Therefore, Be It Resolved Equal employment opportunities for equal pay for all people Immediately, no new people can go into sheltered workshops Immediately, no new people can go join an enclave Ending sub-minimum wage in 2012 Ending enclaves in 2014

  25. Potential Threats to Further Expansion of Integrated Employment Funding Constraints: Hours of employment delivered for people that do get jobs Continued slow pace of expansion Benefits trap Sustained pressure in states to expand day services

  26. Implications Policy Litigation Research Implementation Funding

  27. A New Path to Change Do what we already know how to do Put control of resources in the hands of people with disabilities Eradicate policy conflicts Close the door of entry into segregated programs Expand investment with employers Invest in broader community initiatives

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