Key Facts About Ebola Outbreak and U.S. Government Response
Ebola, a virus discovered in 1976, spreads through direct contact with infected body fluids. The current outbreak has a 50% fatality rate with no cure or vaccine available. The U.S. government agencies like USAID, CDC, NIH, HHS, FDA, and State Department are actively involved in providing support and conducting research to combat the epidemic in West Africa.
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Key Facts Ebola is: o a virus first discovered in 1976 o spread through direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with infected blood and body fluids o not spread through the air or by water Individuals are only infectious when they have symptoms, which can appear up to 21 days after exposure Ebola has been reported in 16 countries since first discovered Most recent outbreak in 5 countries in West Africa, which previously have not had Ebola cases Case fatality rate in current outbreak is about 50% as of September 2014 There is currently no vaccine or cure for Ebola; there has been limited use of experimental treatments in this outbreak SOURCES: WHO Ebola Fact Sheet, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs103/en/; WHO Ebola Virus Disease page, http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/en/.
Ebola Cases in Current Outbreak as Share of All Ebola Cases Ever Reported Current Outbreak 67% (5 countries) All Prior Cases 33% (11 countries) Total Number of Cases Ever Reported = 7,408 NOTES: Data as of September 13, 2014. SOURCES: KFF analysis of data from: WHO Ebola Virus Disease page, http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/en/; WHO Situation Reports: Ebola Response Roadmap, http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/situation-reports/en/; and CDC Outbreaks Chronology, Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever, http://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/resources/outbreak-table.html.
The U.S. Government Response: Key Agencies and Roles USAID Department of Defense Provides technical and personnel support; conducts research on drug and vaccine development; will set up Joint Force Command to build clinics, provide training, and coordinate logistics CDC Provides technical and personnel support, and activates Emergency Operations Center NIH Conducts research on drug and vaccine development HHS Funds drug and vaccine development through its Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA) FDA Regulates drug and vaccine development State Department Coordinates diplomatic response and public education Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance: coordinates U.S. disaster response on the ground Bureau for Global Health: provides operational and personnel support NOTES: White House Ebola Fact Sheet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/16/fact-sheet-us-response-ebola- epidemic-west-africa
Map of Countries in West Africa Affected by Ebola SOURCE: WHO Ebola Virus Disease page, http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/en/
Ebola Cases in West Africa 2014 and U.S. Government Pledges of Assistance, by Month 6000 200 5000 150 4000 3000 100 2000 50 1000 0 0 April May June July August Sept (thru Sep 13) US Government Assistance (Pledges, in $ millions) Cumulative Ebola Cases SOURCES: KFF analysis of Ebola case data from: WHO Disease Outbreak News: Ebola Virus Disease, http://www.who.int/csr/don/archive/disease/ebola/en/; WHO Situation Reports: Ebola Response Roadmap http://www.who.int/csr/disease/ebola/situation-reports/en/; and Maia Majumder, MPH, Analysis of US funding data from: White House Ebola Fact Sheet, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/16/fact-sheet-us-response-ebola-epidemic-west- africa; USAID Testimony before the House Subcommittee on Africa, Global Health, Global Human Rights, and International Organizations, August 8, http://www.usaid.gov/news-information/congressional-testimony/aug-7-2014-dr-ariel-pablos-mendez- aa-global-health-hfac-combating-ebola-threat.
