Evolution of Muslim Journalism in the Sub-Continent Post 1857: Key Figures & Publications

Explore the evolution of Muslim journalism in the sub-continent after 1857, highlighting key publications like Hamdard, Comrade, and Zamindar, alongside notable journalists such as Hasrat Mohaani, Muhammad Ali Johar, and Maulana Zafar Ali Khan. Discover their contributions to political consciousness, public opinion formation, and the delineation of Muslim identity in a colonial setting.

• Muslim journalism
• Subcontinent history
• Key journalists
• Political consciousness
• Colonial era

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1. PRESS IN SUB- CONTINENT DURING AND AFTER 1857 PART II

2. Different Phases of Muslim Press Mohazzib 1890 Rafiq-e-Hind 1884 The Muaavin 1stSindhi paper Paisa Akhbar 1887, Munshi Mehboob Wakil 1895 , Sheikh Ghulaam Muhammad Zamindaar 1903, Maulvi Sirajuddin 1909 Maulana Zafar Ali Khan continued Comrade 1911, First newspaper in English, Maulana Mohd. Ali Hamdard 1911, Maulana Mohd. Ali

3. Key Muslim Journalists: HasratMohaani, Urdu e Moala Poet & Journalist Aggressive & radical in his tone Boycotted British goods; promoted indigenous industries Bitter towards political & religious rival magazines 1908 put behind bars 1913 newspaper shut down Contributed to literary and political parties Assessed the attitude and policies of British Participated in Cairo-Palestine Conference Explained British policies covered minutest details exposed their insincerity & deception

4. Muhammad Ali Johar: Hamdard& Comrade Comrade: 1911-1915, mainly due to censorship & financial condition + high licensing cost Hamdard: 1911-1914, & 1922-1929 Mohd Ali displayed his proficiency in both English & Urdu journalism He adopted the policy to give vent to his political views & ideals He believed in forming public opinion rather than just reflecting Public opinion in his writing Promoted political consciousness He actively advocated the thinking of Muslims through his articles & editorials He believed in the power of logic & argument Categorically asserted that Muslim & Hindus are two separate nations Advocated Khilafat as political system & Jamal ud din Afghani s ideology of Muslim brotherhood

5. MaulanaZafar Ali Khan: Zamindar Zamindar as a weekly started in 1906 in Karamabad (Wazirabad) later published under the editorship of Maulvi Siraj ud din 1909 Maulana Zafar took over 1911 shifted to Lahore Aims & objectives were aimed to enlighten the farming community & to awaken the landed class & to voice their greviences Maulana Zafar contributed his articles in Deccan Review Articles in the Deccan Review were also contributed by Maulana Shibli Naumani & Akbar Allahbadi Established a connection between newspapers & general public, developing a taste for reading amongst them Use of rhetoric in efficient manner

6. MaulanaZafar Ali Khan Political tenor & islamic interpretations Zamindar included views & ideas of foreign press Powerful symbol & voice of the masses His writing intensified the evacuation campaign Zamindar achieved services of International news Agencies, Associated Press of India & Reuters Also included the translations from English Dailies Editorial - political poetry Britishers accused the newspaper of exciting racial & sectarian hatred

7. MaulanaAbdul KalamAzaad: Al Hilaal Al Hilaal included articles on various subjects Advocated freedom of speech in his writing Ideology he did not advocate the idea of a separate homeland He persistently told Muslims to enter Congress and that Muslim & Hindus should made a joint effort to throw the British out of India He couldn't compete with his contemporary newspapers & did not become popular amongst the masses

8. Freedom Movement Muslim Press 1938 1947 Ehsan Jang Shahbaz Azad Millat Dawn Manshoor Nawa e Waqt New Times Morning news Star of india 1924 1937 Al Hilal Al Aman Wahdat Siyasat Paigham Sabah Inquilab Muslim Outlook

9. Difference of opinion between the newspapers of phase III Difference was over the demand of a separate homeland Some of them favored Congress ideology & some conformed to the ideas of Muslim League & Quaid e Azam Newspapers from 1938 1947 Pro-Muslim League newspapers Reflected Muslim political aspirations Newspapers were a part of Create Muslim Press Campaign

10. Problems of Muslim Press: 1940 1947 Internal & external conflicts Financial problems Limited circulation; no regular subscription Advertisement support Shortage of News-print Lack of trained staff Absence of infra-structure Confiscation of securities

11. Newspapers Published immediately after Independence Imroz 1948, Progressive Papers Ltd Pakistan times 1947 Kohistan 1953, editor Naseem Hijazi Nawa e Waqt Afaq 1957, Saigol Brothers Ltd The Mashriq - 1963

12. Printing Presses / Publishing houses National Press trust govt owned Progressive Papers Ltd The Pakistan Times, Imroz & Sports Times