Effect of Time of Day on Bird Species Richness and Individuals

The study investigates how the time of day impacts the species richness and number of individuals of birds at a specific feeder in Longwood University's Environmental Education Center. Through observational studies and counting, the researchers aim to determine if there are differences in bird populations during morning, noon, and afternoon periods. Hypotheses include assessing the diversity and richness of species, as well as the number of individuals of each species present. The study area is within Lancer Park in Farmville, VA. Different images illustrate the birds' feeding patterns, study area, and expected species. Tags: Bird Species, Time of Day, Species Richness, Observational Study, Environmental Science.

• Bird Species
• Time of Day
• Species Richness
• Environmental Science

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1. The Effect of Time of Day on Species Richness and Number of Individuals of Each Species OLIVIA KOLENDA. MEAGAN ST. JOHN, DEBBIE PITT, KYLEE HISE Department of Biological and Environmental Science Longwood University Farmville, VA

2. BACKGROUND Wild birds follow a regular daily feeding activity. Small birds present maximum activity of feeding during morning and evening. Many factors may affect the time of caloric intake.

3. Feeding Pattern of White-Crowned Sparrows

4. TOTAL NUMBER OF BIRDS BASED ON TIME OF DAY

5. SPECIFIC AIM Does time of day affect the total number of birds? Does time of day affect the species richness of birds? To test this, we studied a specific bird feeder behind the EEC in Lancer Park.

6. STUDY AREA: Longwood University Environmental Education Center (EEC) in Lancer Park located in Farmville, VA. Perimeters: The birds within close perimeters of the bird feeder are the ones that will be counted.

7. SPECIES LIKELY TO BE SEEN

8. HYPOTHESES Ho1: There is no difference in the species diversity and richness of birds at one feeder bird feeder located at the Environmental Education Center at Longwood University based on different times of day (morning, noon, and afternoon). Ho2: There is no difference in the number of individuals of each species of birds at one feeder located at the Environmental Education Center at Longwood University based on different times of day (morning, noon, and afternoon).

9. TYPE OF STUDY Observational study of point counts Treatment variables: Time of day Temperature Response variables: Diversity in bird population at feeder Number of birds in each species

10. ADDITIONAL PARAMETERS: IN VIRGINIA The average annual temperature is 13.5 degrees Celsius (56.3 degrees Fahrenheit). The average high temperature for March is 15.1 degrees Celsius (59.18 degrees Fahrenheit). The average low temperature for March is 0.2 degrees Celsius (32.36 degrees Fahrenheit).

11. METHODOLOGY Collecting Samples The medium-height bird feeder, second from the left, will be studied at the EEC. For each time of day, data was recorded for 10 minutes One tally mark was recorded for each bird seen, according to species Only birds approaching the feeder were accounted for If a bird fled the area and then returned, it was tallied again

13. METHODOLOGY Collecting Samples Birds will be identified using the Merlin Bird ID app on mobile devices Data will be statistically analyzed by ANOVA tests and Tukey Honestly Significant Differences tests Point count is the method used for bird counting

14. NUMBER OF SPECIES OF BIRDS PRESENT BASED ON THREE DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE DAY. 4.5 4 3.5 Number of speceis 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 9AM 12PM 4PM

15. TOTAL NUMBER OF BIRDS PRESENT BASED ON THREE DIFFERENT TIMES OF THE DAY. 25 20 Total number of birds 15 10 5 0 9AM 12PM 4PM

16. THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON TOTAL NUMBER OF BIRDS PRESENT. 35 30 Total number of birds 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Temperature (degrees Celsius)

17. THE AVERAGE DOMINANCE PRESENTED BY DIFFERENT BIRD SPECIES BASED ON THE TIME OF DAY. 2.5 2 Dominance (D) 1.5 1 0.5 0 9AM 12PM 4PM

18. THE HETEROGENEITY PRESENTED BY DIFFERENT BIRD SPECIES BASED ON THE TIME OF DAY. 2 1.8 1.6 Heterogeneity (H') 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 9AM 12PM 4PM

19. LITERATURE CITED Rollfinke, B., & Yahner, R. 1990. Effects of Time of Day and Season on Winter Bird Counts.The Condor. 92(1):215-219. O'Leske, D., Robel, R., & Kemp, K. 1997. Fall Point Counts: Time of Day Affects Numbers and Species of Birds Counted.Transactions of Science.100(3/4):94-100. the Kansas Academy of

20. THANK YOU!!! Dr. Henk Department of Biological Sciences Longwood University