Equine Coital Exanthema: Overview, Symptoms, and Management

 
EQUINE POX
 
 
Giulia Agus
 
EQUINE POX
 
Also Known As:
Equine Coital Exanthema
ECE
Genital Horsepox
Equine Venereal Balanitis
 
Giulia Agus
 
Introduction
 
Equine coital exanthema is caused by a specific
herpes virus, namely herpesvirus – 3.
Equine Herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3), a member of
the large Herpesviridae family, causes
the highly contagious viral venereal disease,
equine coital exanthema (ECE), which
causes genital lesions on both stallions and
mares.
 
Giulia Agus
 
 
Etiology and Epidemiology
 
It is relatively common, occurs worldwide, and
in most cases is a self-limited and benign
disease.
It affects the genital area of the horse, and
does not cause any permanent damage to the
reproductive organs.  It is a localized infection
that does not spread systemically.
 
Giulia Agus
 
Transmission
 
Although it is primarily considered a 
sexually transmitted
disease, has also been seen on foals feeding from dams
affected, presumably 
transmitted by direct contact
 with
mucous membranes
or it's also possible the 
Iatrogenic transmission 
through
contaminated veterinary supplies including equipment,
gloves, and breeding materials.
 
Giulia Agus
 
Giulia Agus
 
In most cases, the disease spreads during sexual
contact, in fact, horses of reproductive age are usually
affected.
 
The incubation period may be less than 2 days.
 
Clinical Signs
 
Equine Pox causes vesicular
lesions on the penis and
prepuce of stallions and
vulva of mares which can be
extremely painful, especially
to males. These lesions often
suppress breeding
comportment but have no
direct impact upon fertility.
 
Giulia Agus
 
Giulia Agus
 
The initial vesicles begin on the penis, spreading
onto the prepuce and develop into pustules
which then slough leaving ulcerated areas up to
1.5cm in diameter.
These ulcers heal within a few weeks but leave
depigmented scars.
 
Giulia Agus
 
Systemic signs develop occasionally in stallions,
affected animals exhibiting an apathetic and depressed
comportment and hyperthermia.
 
Giulia Agus
 
In mares, small red nodules appear on the vulva,
vaginal mucosa, clitoral sinuses and perineal skin
4-8 days after breeding.
Ulcers can occasionally be found on
the teats, lips, nasal and oral mucosae.
 
Giulia Agus
 
 
These develop into pustules and then vulval erosions
which form scabs and then heal leaving depigmented
scars.
While the lesions heal, 3 weeks of sexual rest are
recommended.
If the mare is ready for reproduction, artificial
insemination is recommended.
 
Giulia Agus
 
The margins of ulcers can be viewed
under electron microscopy revealing viral
particles within the cells. Biopsies of
lesions can also be histologically examined
for viral inclusion bodies.
 
Giulia Agus
 
There does not appear to be any correlation
between infection and abortion. Prevention
is crucial to limit contact between individuals
with isolation.
 
Giulia Agus
 
There are two laboratory methods of confirming the
diagnosis:
1.
sequential serology testing and
2.
isolation of the virus from cultures of the genital
lesions.
 
Diagnosis
 
Giulia Agus
 
Mares usually develop small red
bumps in the vulva within 4-8 days
after breeding. These bumps then
develop into fluid filled vesicles that
will rupture leaving excoriated lesions.
If secondary infection develops, the
lesions become purulent and drain pus.
 
Giulia Agus
 
At times, the mares will develop fever with
secondary infection. Uncomplicated lesions
will usually heal within three weeks,
although lesions of the vagina and clitoris
may heal somewhat slower.
 
Giulia Agus
 
Scarring may remain at the site of the
lesions, but they will not interfere with
future pregnancies or future fertility.
 
Giulia Agus
 
Lesions on the stallions are similar in
appearance, but are very painful. The
stallion may refuse to copulate when
he has active lesions, and sperm count
may be affected by the bleeding of the
vesicles.
 
Treatment
 
ECE resolves spontaneously within a few
weeks, requiring no treatment but three
weeks of sexual rest is recommended.
 
Giulia Agus
 
Giulia Agus
 
A short-lived immunity then
develops. Recurrence within
the same breeding season is
uncommon.
 
Topical antibiotics may be
used to prevent secondary
infections while lesions are
open and ulcerated.
 
Control
 
Affected stallions should be rested for at least 3
weeks after cessation of clinical signs to prevent
spread to mares.
Semen from such individuals may be collected and
delivered via artificial insemination if permitted
 
Giulia Agus
 
Giulia Agus
 
Thanks for the attention!
 
Giulia Agus
 
BIBLIOGRAFIA
 
 
Veterinary Medicine. Blood Radostits
Henderson, Baillière Tindal
 
 www.wagwalking.com
 
 www.wikivet.net
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Equine coital exanthema, caused by Equine Herpesvirus 3, is a contagious venereal disease affecting horses globally. It primarily manifests as genital lesions in stallions and mares, transmitted sexually or through contact with contaminated materials. While it is typically self-limiting, it can be painful and disrupt breeding behavior. Understanding its etiology, clinical signs, and transmission modes is crucial for effective management.


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  1. EQUINE POX Giulia Agus

  2. EQUINE POX Also Known As: Equine Coital Exanthema ECE Genital Horsepox Equine Venereal Balanitis Giulia Agus

  3. Introduction Equine coital exanthema is caused by a specific herpes virus, namely Equine Herpesvirus 3 (EHV-3), a member of the large Herpesviridae the highly contagious viral venereal disease, equine coital exanthema causes genital lesions on both stallions and mares. herpesvirus 3. family, causes (ECE), which Giulia Agus

  4. Etiology and Epidemiology It is relatively common, occurs worldwide, and in most cases is a self-limited and benign disease. It affects the genital area of the horse, and does not cause any permanent damage to the reproductive organs. It is a localized infection that does not spread systemically. Giulia Agus

  5. Transmission Although it is primarily considered a sexually transmitted disease, has also been seen on foals feeding from dams affected, presumably transmitted by direct contact with mucous membranes or it's also possible the Iatrogenic transmission through contaminated veterinary supplies including equipment, gloves, and breeding materials. Giulia Agus

  6. In most cases, the disease spreads during sexual contact, in fact, horses of reproductive age are usually affected. The incubation period may be less than 2 days. Giulia Agus

  7. Clinical Signs Equine Pox causes vesicular lesions on the penis and prepuce of stallions and vulva of mares which can be extremely painful, especially to males. These lesions often suppress breeding comportment but have no direct impact upon fertility. Giulia Agus

  8. The initial vesicles begin on the penis, spreading onto the prepuce and develop into pustules which then slough leaving ulcerated areas up to 1.5cm in diameter. These ulcers heal within a few weeks but leave depigmented scars. Giulia Agus

  9. Systemic signs develop occasionally in stallions, affected animals exhibiting an apathetic and depressed comportment and hyperthermia. Giulia Agus

  10. In mares, small red nodules appear on the vulva, vaginal mucosa, clitoral sinuses and perineal skin 4-8 days after breeding. Ulcers can occasionally be found on the teats, lips, nasal and oral mucosae. Giulia Agus

  11. These develop into pustules and then vulval erosions which form scabs and then heal leaving depigmented scars. While the lesions heal, 3 weeks of sexual rest are recommended. If the mare is ready for reproduction, artificial insemination is recommended. Giulia Agus

  12. The margins of ulcers can be viewed under electron microscopy revealing viral particles within the cells. Biopsies of lesions can also be histologically examined for viral inclusion bodies. Giulia Agus

  13. There does not appear to be any correlation between infection and abortion. Prevention is crucial to limit contact between individuals with isolation. Giulia Agus

  14. Diagnosis There are two laboratory methods of confirming the diagnosis: 1. sequential serology testing and 2. isolation of the virus from cultures of the genital lesions. Giulia Agus

  15. Mares bumps in the vulva within 4-8 days after breeding. These bumps then develop into fluid filled vesicles that will rupture leaving excoriated lesions. If secondary infection develops, the lesions become purulent and drain pus. usually develop small red Giulia Agus

  16. At times, the mares will develop fever with secondary infection. Uncomplicated lesions will usually heal within three weeks, although lesions of the vagina and clitoris may heal somewhat slower. Giulia Agus

  17. Scarring may remain at the site of the lesions, but they will not interfere with future pregnancies or future fertility. Giulia Agus

  18. Lesions on the stallions are similar in appearance, but are very painful. The stallion may refuse to copulate when he has active lesions, and sperm count may be affected by the bleeding of the vesicles. Giulia Agus

  19. Treatment ECE resolves spontaneously within a few weeks, requiring no treatment but three weeks of sexual rest is recommended. Giulia Agus

  20. A short-lived immunity then develops. Recurrence within the same breeding season is uncommon. Topical antibiotics may be used to prevent secondary infections while lesions are open and ulcerated. Giulia Agus

  21. Control Affected stallions should be rested for at least 3 weeks after cessation of clinical signs to prevent spread to mares. Semen from such individuals may be collected and delivered via artificial insemination if permitted Giulia Agus

  22. Thanks Thanks for for the the attention attention! ! Giulia Agus

  23. BIBLIOGRAFIA Veterinary Medicine. Blood Radostits Henderson, Bailli re Tindal www.wagwalking.com www.wikivet.net Giulia Agus

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