Understanding Word Formation and Coinage in English

Word formation in English involves different processes such as compounding, conversion, and derivational affixation. Compounding combines two or more words to create a new word, while conversion changes the word class without affixes. Word coinage includes compounds, acronyms, back-formations, abbreviations, eponyms, and blends. Each process contributes uniquely to the expansion and richness of the English language.

• English language
• Word formation
• Coinage
• Compounding
• Derivational affixation

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1. Word Formation Part 1

2. Word formation Both inflectional (or grammatical) e.g. plural suffix, genitive suffix, present or past participle etc. and derivational (or lexical) affixes e.g.un-, mis-, -ness, -ship, -hood are attached to roots. Another kind of word formation is where more than one root is joined together (e.g. baby-sit). This is called compounding. Conversion word formation is when a change of word class occurs without any affixation (e.g. skin, a verb derived from a noun, or input, a noun derived from a verb)

3. Word Coinage

4. English Word Coinage 1. Compounds 2. Acronyms 3. Back-formations 4. Abbreviations 5. Eponyms 6. Blends

5. 1. Compounds Definition: Two or more words joined together to form a new word. Examples: Home + work Pick + pocket homework pickpocket

6. Note: The meaning of a compound is not always the sum of the meanings of its parts. oil made from coconuts. Coconut oil Olive oil oil made from olives. Baby oil NOT oil made from babies oil for babies a house where men visit prostitutes cathouse blue-movies blue-chip go-go

7. 2. Compounding (1) Compounding (compounds): combine two or more free morphemes to form new words N ADJ N N V fire engine green house jump suit P wall paper blue bird kill joy book case text book N N ADJ N N N V N N N P N after thought out patient 7

8. 2. Compounding (2) N ADJ ADJ P ADJ ADJ ADJ ADJ nation-wide red - hot over ripe sky blue far - fetched in grown pitch black out spoken ADJ ADJ P ADJ ADJ N out standing 8

9. 2. Compounding (3) N ADJ V V P V V V V V N V ADJ V Spoon-feed white wash out live blow dry Steam-roller dry clean underestinate breakdance P V V V 9

10. 2. Compounding (4) N N N N N N N N N N N N dog food box stone age cave man 10