Understanding Rocks: Types, Formation, and Properties
Rocks can be classified as metamorphic, igneous, or sedimentary based on their formation processes. Florida's phosphate deposits and pumice formation showcase the diversity of rocks. A scientist's rock cycle model helps predict changes, while pressure on sediments leads to new rock formation. Basalt outcroppings in the US Southwest highlight ancient lava flows.
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Metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks are the Metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks are the three major classes of rocks found on the three major classes of rocks found on the planet. Metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary rock planet. Metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary rock classifications are based on which of the classifications are based on which of the following criteria? following criteria? A. the sizes of the rocks B. the method of formation C. the age of the rocks D. the rate of formation
Florida has a large supply of phosphate that ancient seas Florida has a large supply of phosphate that ancient seas deposited millions of years ago. The deposited millions of years ago. The phosphate contains the remains of animals that were phosphate contains the remains of animals that were deposited in layers on the sea floor. Which deposited in layers on the sea floor. Which type of rock did the phosphate become? type of rock did the phosphate become? A. intrusive igneous B. extrusive igneous C. clastic sedimentary D. organic sedimentary
A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. A scientist designs a mathematical model of the rock cycle. The model predicts how changes in The model predicts how changes in Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of Earth processes will affect the amounts of different types of rock on Earth. Which quantity should rock on Earth. Which quantity should stay the same as Earth processes change? stay the same as Earth processes change? A. the average rate at which Earth rotates B. the average distance of Earth from the Sun C. the total number of inactive volcanoes on Earth D. the total amount of material on Earth
Pumice is formed when magma blows out of a volcano and Pumice is formed when magma blows out of a volcano and cools quickly. Pumice is the only rock cools quickly. Pumice is the only rock that will float because pumice that will float because pumice A. is a hard mineral. B. was once a liquid. C. is an igneous rock. D. contains air pockets.
When buried sediments are subjected to pressure, the When buried sediments are subjected to pressure, the mineral grains are squeezed together. What is mineral grains are squeezed together. What is the result of this action? the result of this action? A. volcanoes B. earthquakes C. new rock is formed D. layers rise to the surface
In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, In the Four Corners area in the US Southwest, there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. there are large rocky outcroppings of basalt. These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using These were formed by ancient lava flows. Using this information, what class of rock is this? this information, what class of rock is this? A. metamorphic B. sedimentary C. igneous D. weathered
In the rock cycle, sedimentary rock In the rock cycle, sedimentary rock forms when rock is forms when rock is A. crystallized into natural glass. B. exposed to great temperature. C. melted into liquid magma. D. broken down by weathering.
Marta was studying a diagram of the rock cycle. Marta was studying a diagram of the rock cycle. She wanted to know what could cause a She wanted to know what could cause a sedimentary rock to become a metamorphic sedimentary rock to become a metamorphic rock. Which processes must occur in order for a rock. Which processes must occur in order for a sedimentary rock to change into a metamorphic sedimentary rock to change into a metamorphic rock? rock? A. compaction and cementation B. heating and pressure C. melting and cooling D. uplift and erosion
A scientist categorized a rock as an A scientist categorized a rock as an extrusive igneous rock. Another scientist extrusive igneous rock. Another scientist could accurately categorize the same rock could accurately categorize the same rock as as A. intrusive igneous. B. clastic sedimentary. C. metamorphic. D. volcanic.
The mineral quartz naturally forms in various The mineral quartz naturally forms in various colors. Which difference in quartz formation colors. Which difference in quartz formation results in the different colors? results in the different colors? A. pressure at which the processes occurred B. temperature at which the processes occurred C. chemical impurities present as the processes occurred D. amount of time passed since the processes occurred
Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Shale is a common sedimentary rock. Which of these was required to form shale? Which of these was required to form shale? A. evaporating B. condensing C. melting D. compacting
Scientists were studying a rock formation. The picture Scientists were studying a rock formation. The picture shows an undisturbed section of the rock layers studied. shows an undisturbed section of the rock layers studied. Which rock layer is the oldest? Which rock layer is the oldest? How can the oldest rock layer be determined? How can the oldest rock layer be determined?
Hector made the diagram below to show how Hector made the diagram below to show how igneous rock can change to metamorphic rock. igneous rock can change to metamorphic rock. What would be the BEST addition to the diagram? A. The word weathering below the arrow. B. The word pressure below the arrow. C. The word melting below the arrow. D. The word cooling below the arrow.
What is one condition necessary to What is one condition necessary to produce diamonds? produce diamonds? A. high altitude B. intense pressure C. quick cooling D. low temperatures
The rock cycle is summarized in the diagram below. Based The rock cycle is summarized in the diagram below. Based on the processes that are taking place at each of the on the processes that are taking place at each of the arrows, label the four rectangles in the diagram with the arrows, label the four rectangles in the diagram with the appropriate terms. appropriate terms.
Use the diagram below to respond to the following. Use the diagram below to respond to the following. A. A. Explain how a sedimentary rock becomes a metamorphic rock. Explain how a sedimentary rock becomes a metamorphic rock. B. Explain how any type of rock can become sediment. B. Explain how any type of rock can become sediment. C. Explain how a metamorphic rock becomes an igneous rock. C. Explain how a metamorphic rock becomes an igneous rock. D. Explain how sediments are converted into sedimentary rocks. D. Explain how sediments are converted into sedimentary rocks.
The formation of the mineral halite is MOST likely The formation of the mineral halite is MOST likely to occur by which process? to occur by which process? A. the evaporation of seawater B. the hardening of lava in seawater C. the cementing together of sediment particles D. the slow crystallization of magma deep in the crust
The table describes how four different rocks form. The table describes how four different rocks form. How Rock Forms Name of Rock Basalt Lava Limestone Marble Sandstone The Way the Rock Forms From a volcano flows and cools. Shells and bones are stuck together. Limestone is changed by heat and pressure. Sand particles are stuck together. Which of these rocks is an igneous rock? A. basalt B. limestone C. marble D. sandstone
Gabbro and basalt are classified as igneous rocks. Even Gabbro and basalt are classified as igneous rocks. Even though the names are different, they have the same though the names are different, they have the same chemical composition. Geologists normally use what chemical composition. Geologists normally use what feature for identification purposes to differentiate feature for identification purposes to differentiate between these two rock types? between these two rock types? A. color B. texture C. hardness D. origin
Which processes change magma into igneous rock? Which processes change magma into igneous rock? A. cooling and crystallization B. compaction and cementation C. heat and pressure D. weathering and erosion
Diamonds are formed when carbon is placed under Diamonds are formed when carbon is placed under extreme heat and pressure. This process occurs extreme heat and pressure. This process occurs A. in caves. B. in the ocean. C. in the atmosphere of Earth. D. beneath the surface of Earth.
Coal is formed from Coal is formed from A. seas that have evaporated. B. natural gas subjected to heat. C. melted and cooled metamorphic rock. D. plant remains decomposed under pressure.
