Understanding the Blood Supply of the Brain

 
Blood supply of Brain
 
Essam Ealdin Abdelhady
Salama
 
Arterial supply of the brain
 
Four arteries
enter into the
cranial cavity to
supply the brain;
Two vertebral
arteries.
Two internal
carotid arteries.
 
Vertebral arteries.
 
Aries from 1
st
 part of the
subclavian artery.
Entering the cranial cavity
through foramen magnum .
Ventral to pons the
vertebral arteries unite to
form the basilar artery.
Branches;
o
Anterior spinal
o
Posterior spinal.
o
Medullar.
o
Posterior inferior cerebellar.
 
Basilar artery
 
Ascends in the basilar
groove  of pons.
Ends at upper border of pons
by dividing into two posterior
cerebral arteries.
Branches;
o
Pontine .
o
Labyrinthine .
o
Anterior inferior cerebellar.
o
Superior cerebellar .
o
Posterior cerebral
 .
 
 
Internal carotid artery
 
Entering the cranial cavity
through the carotid canal
On the lateral side of optic
chiasma terminating into
o
Anterior cerebral artery
o
Middle cerebral artery.
Before termination giving
o
Posterior  communicating .
o
Anterior choroidal.
 
Circle of Willis
 
Hexagonal arterial circle lies
on the base of the brain
It is formed by;
 
Anterior communicating.
Proximal portion of
anterior cerebral.
Internal carotid.
Posterior communicating.
Proximal portion of
posterior cerebral.
 
 
 
 
 
Branches of circle of Willis
 
 
Central branches
              
Anteromedial group
              
Posteromedial group
              
Poaterolateral group
              
Anterolateral group
             
Choroidal
 
Cortical branches
 
Anterior cerebral artery
 
Middle cerebral artery
 
Posterior cerebral artery
 
Anterior
cerebral artery
 
One of two terminal
branches of internal
carotid.
It runs on the medial
surface above corpus
callosum.
Cortical branches
supplying;
Medial part of orbital
surface
Media surface except
occipital lope.
Upper inch of
superiolateral surface.
 
Middle
cerebral artery
 
One of two terminal
branches of internal
carotid.
It runs in the stem of the
lateral sulcus.
Cortical branches
supplying;
Lateral part of orbital
surface
Temporal pole
Superiolateral surface
except upper and lower
inches, occipital lobe.
 
 
Posterior
cerebral artery
 
One of two terminal
branches of basilar artery.
It runs on the side of mid
brain.
Cortical branches
supplying;
Tentorial surface.
All aspects of occipital
lope.
Lower  inch of
superiolateral surface.
 
 
 
Central group
 
Consist of :
-Anteromedial group
-Posteromedial group
-Poaterolateral group
-Anterolateral group
-Choroidal a.
Anteromedial branches
: supply   
H
ypothalamus
.
 
P
reoptic area
.
S
upraoptic area
.
Posteromedial branches
Suppl
y;
P
ituitary gland
.
 
H
ypothalamus
.
 
T
halamus
.
 
M
idbrain
.
Posterolateral 
(
thalamogeniculate artery
)
 
 supply 
P
osterior half of
thalamus
.
G
eniculate body
.
 
P
ulvinar
.
 
L
ateral nuclear
group
.
 
M
ost of ventral
thalamic nuclei
.
 
Anterolateral branches
 (
striate artery
)
 
Medial striate 
arteries;
supply to
;
H
ead of caudate nucleus
.
P
utamen
.
I
nternal capsule
.
Lateral striate a. supply to
C
audate
.
P
utamen
.
G
lobus pallidus
.
I
nternal capsule
.
 
Choroid arteries
Anterior choroidal artery
 
: supply to
choroid plexus in lateral
ventricle
.
hippocampal formation
.
globus pallidus
.
posterior limb of internal
capsule
.
amy
g
daliod nucleus
.
tail of caudate nucleus
.
ventrolateral 
part 
of
thalamus 
.
 
 
 
Choroid arteries
Pos
terior choroidal artery
 
 Supply to
T
halamus
.
C
horoid plexus of
third 
 and lateral
ventricle
.
 
Blood supply to Corpus striatum
 
Striatum
 : from lateral striate
 
a.
Head of caudate
 : from medial striate a.
Tail of caudate and putamen
 : from
anterior choroidal a.
Globus pallidus
 : from lateral striate
 a
,
anterior choroidal a.  And posterior
communicating a.
 
Blood supply to internal capsule
 
Anterior cerebral
Middle cerebral
Anterior choroid
 
 
Arterial supply of
the Midbrain, Pons & Medulla
 
Midbrain
 : Branches from basilar a.
Pons and Medulla
 : Anterior spinal a.,
Posterior spinal a., Posterior inferior
cerebellar a., basilar a. and Vertebral a.
 
Cerebral veins and Venous sinus
 
Venules in brain form venous plexus in pia
mater
.
Then drain  to superficial vein in subarachnoid
space
.
And drain to dural venous sinus
.
 
Classification of cerebral vein
 
Superficial cerebral veins
Superior cerebral veins
Inferior cerebral veins
Superficial middle cerebral veins
Deep cerebral veins
Internal cerebral vein
Basal vein (Rosenthal)
Great cerebral vein (Of Galen)
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The brain receives its blood supply from four major arteries - two vertebral arteries and two internal carotid arteries. The vertebral arteries branch into the basilar artery, which gives rise to various important branches. The internal carotid arteries supply the anterior and middle cerebral arteries in addition to other crucial branches. The Circle of Willis, a hexagonal arterial circle at the base of the brain, plays a key role in ensuring consistent blood flow. This comprehensive guide details the arterial pathways and branches supplying the brain, shedding light on the intricate network that sustains its vital functions.


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  1. Blood supply of Brain EssamEaldinAbdelhady Salama

  2. Arterial supply of the brain Four arteries enter into the cranial cavity to supply the brain; Two vertebral arteries. Two internal carotid arteries.

  3. Vertebral arteries. Aries from 1st part of the subclavian artery. Entering the cranial cavity through foramen magnum . Ventral to pons the vertebral arteries unite to form the basilar artery. Branches; oAnterior spinal oPosterior spinal. oMedullar. oPosterior inferior cerebellar.

  4. Basilar artery Ascends in the basilar groove of pons. Ends at upper border of pons by dividing into two posterior cerebral arteries. Branches; oPontine . oLabyrinthine . oAnterior inferior cerebellar. oSuperior cerebellar . oPosterior cerebral.

  5. Internal carotid artery Entering the cranial cavity through the carotid canal On the lateral side of optic chiasma terminating into oAnterior cerebral artery oMiddle cerebral artery. Before termination giving oPosterior communicating . oAnterior choroidal.

  6. Circle of Willis Hexagonal arterial circle lies on the base of the brain It is formed by; Anterior communicating. Proximal portion of anterior cerebral. Internal carotid. Posterior communicating. Proximal portion of posterior cerebral.

  7. Branches of circle of Willis Cortical branches Anterior cerebral artery Middle cerebral artery Posterior cerebral artery Central branches Anteromedial group Posteromedial group Poaterolateral group Anterolateral group Choroidal

  8. Anterior cerebral artery One of two terminal branches of internal carotid. It runs on the medial surface above corpus callosum. Cortical branches supplying; Medial part of orbital surface Media surface except occipital lope. Upper inch of superiolateral surface.

  9. Middle cerebral artery One of two terminal branches of internal carotid. It runs in the stem of the lateral sulcus. Cortical branches supplying; Lateral part of orbital surface Temporal pole Superiolateral surface except upper and lower inches, occipital lobe.

  10. Posterior cerebral artery One of two terminal branches of basilar artery. It runs on the side of mid brain. Cortical branches supplying; Tentorial surface. All aspects of occipital lope. Lower inch of superiolateral surface.

  11. Central group Consist of : -Anteromedial group -Posteromedial group -Poaterolateral group -Anterolateral group -Choroidal a.

  12. Anteromedial branches : supply Hypothalamus. Preoptic area. Supraoptic area.

  13. Posteromedial branches Supply; Pituitary gland. Hypothalamus. Thalamus. Midbrain.

  14. Posterolateral (thalamogeniculate artery) supply Posterior half of thalamus. Geniculate body. Pulvinar. Lateral nuclear group. Most of ventral thalamic nuclei.

  15. Anterolateral branches (striate artery) Medial striate arteries; supply to; Head of caudate nucleus. Putamen. Internal capsule. Lateral striate a. supply to Caudate. Putamen. Globus pallidus. Internal capsule.

  16. Choroid arteries Anterior choroidal artery : supply to choroid plexus in lateral ventricle. hippocampal formation. globus pallidus. posterior limb of internal capsule. amygdaliod nucleus. tail of caudate nucleus. ventrolateral part of thalamus .

  17. Choroid arteries Posterior choroidal artery Supply to Thalamus. Choroid plexus of third and lateral ventricle.

  18. Blood supply to Corpus striatum Striatum : from lateral striate a. Head of caudate : from medial striate a. Tail of caudate and putamen : from anterior choroidal a. Globus pallidus : from lateral striate a, anterior choroidal a. And posterior communicating a.

  19. Blood supply to internal capsule Anterior cerebral Middle cerebral Anterior choroid

  20. Arterial supply of the Midbrain, Pons & Medulla Midbrain : Branches from basilar a. Pons and Medulla : Anterior spinal a., Posterior spinal a., Posterior inferior cerebellar a., basilar a. and Vertebral a.

  21. Cerebral veins and Venous sinus Venules in brain form venous plexus in pia mater. Then drain to superficial vein in subarachnoid space. And drain to dural venous sinus.

  22. Classification of cerebral vein Superficial cerebral veins Superior cerebral veins Inferior cerebral veins Superficial middle cerebral veins Deep cerebral veins Internal cerebral vein Basal vein (Rosenthal) Great cerebral vein (Of Galen)

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