Understanding the Amish: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

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Cross Cultural Comparison
 
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e
 
A
m
i
s
h
 
What is a Cross-Cultural
study?
 
Cross-cultural studies are an important
part of Society and Culture.
They require you to examine a topic
from a different perspective from your
own.
They help you to look beyond your
own cultural biases when conducting
research.
 
Rules of a Cross
Cultural Comparison
 
Consider how their lives are similar
and different to yours.
Don’t make value judgements on
whether their experiences are better or
worse than yours
Avoid ethnocentrism – 
The belief that
one’s own group or culture is superior
to all other groups or cultures
.
 
 
Generalisations – broad conclusions that
cover information about the majority of  a
group rather than detailing specific
variations within groups - may be made.
Generalisations are valuable in case studies
for the purpose of broad comparisons but
any conclusions drawn may not apply to all
Amish people.
 
The Amish - Origins
 
The Amish people are direct descendants of the
Anabaptists
 of sixteenth century Europe.
Anabaptism is a religion that came about during the
reformation era. During sixteenth century Europe,
people were changing their ideas about religion.
Prior to this time, Europe was traditionally united in
"One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church".
However this "One Church" did much more than
regulate people's spiritual needs. It was highly
connected with the state and politics, and during the
Reformation, people began to take a stand against
the Church. After 1517, the Roman Catholic Church
began to lose much of its political and moral
authority, and at this time, reformers such as Martin
Luther stepped in and made changes to Church
structure and doctrine
 
 
 
The term Anabaptist first started out as a nickname
that meant "rebaptizer", because this group rejected
the idea of infant baptism. They said that because
an infant does not have the knowledge of good and
evil, it can not have sin. The Anabaptists were seen
as a threat to Europe's religious and social
institutions and were therefore persecuted. As a
result of this persecution, Anabaptists emigrated to
find refuge in places such as Moravia, Alsace,
Palatinate, and the Netherlands.
 
http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/amis
h.html
 
 
 
The Amish movement was founded in
Europe by 
Jacob Amman 
(~1644 to ~1720
CE
), from whom their name is derived. In
many ways, it started as a reform group
within the Mennonite movement -- an
attempt to restore some of the early
practices of the Mennonites.
http://www.religioustolerance.org/amish.htm
 
Where Amish communities are
located in the USA today
 
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Interaction between culture and
religion
 
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Religion is profoundly influenced by its
cultural context because religion cannot be
expressed other than through a particular
cultural setting and context.
http://pittsburgh.about.com/cs/pennsylvania/a/amish_2.htm
 
http://www.800padutch.com/amishpeople.shtml
 
Ordnung
 
Electricity and telephones are not connected
to Amish houses because they are
considered ‘worldly’
Amish will not own cars
Amish travel in horse drawn buggies
Education is completed in Year 8
Breaking of rules may result in ‘shunning’
 
Modernisation
 
http://www.amish-
heartland.com/?pathToFile=%2F%2Fa
rticles%2F-
Amish+Culture%2F&file=World+Aroun
d+Them.txt&article=1
 
Family
 
Web links to information on Amish Weddings
 
http://www.windycreek.com/Brian/amish-cultural-
dynamics.html
 
http://www.800padutch.com/amishweddings.shtml
 
http://www.amish-
heartland.com/?pathToFile=%2F%2Farticles%2F-
Amish+Culture%2F&file=amishweddings.txt&article=1
 
Gender Roles
 
Father head of family
Unmarried women can work
Married women work within the family
Older males educate young boys
Farming and working with wood and leather
Older women educate young girls
Homemaking skills and business skills
Working children give all pay to their father
to support the family
Family all live close to each other
 
 
Personal Reflection
 
What commonalities and differences
can you see between you and the
Amish in terms of Family?
Use specific examples.
Complete this on the Personal
Reflection worksheet
 
Hmmm
 
Roles and Status
 
Status for the Amish is not like in
Western societies but there is a
hierarchy of leaders, it’s commonly
based on Religion.
Males provide leadership
 
Council of Elders
 
Church Bishop –
Established leader of
community
 
Church ministers and
deacons support
them
 
 
Adolescents can experiment with the
world of the “English” (nonAmish)
before committing to Amish life. This
time is known as ‘Rumschpringes’
 
Your turn to think
 
What positives do you see coming out
of such a “time out” period for Amish
adolescents and what challenges do
you see them having to face as a
result of “time out”?
How is cultural continuity of the Amish
threatened by Rumschpringes?
 
Personal Reflection
 
What commonalities and differences
can you see between you and the
Amish in terms of Roles and Status?
Use specific examples.
Complete this on the Personal
Reflection worksheet
 
Hmmm
 
Conflict, cooperation and
decision making
 
Society is based on cooperation. All accept
the ordnung therefore common set of values
for all.
In the community people accept authority of
God and bishops, ministers and deacons
In the family children accept parental
authority.
Ultimately all must be personally
responsible.
Shunning of people who break baptismal
vows often occurs.
 
Barn raising shows
cooperation
 
 
 
 
 
Amish tend not to see much of the media
but with modernisation, conflict with the
media begins to occur
 
http://www.800padutch.com/amishshooting.shtml
 
 
 
 
Personal Reflection
 
What commonalities and differences
can you see between you and the
Amish in terms of conflict, cooperation
and decision making?
Use specific examples.
Complete this on the Personal
Reflection worksheet
 
Hmmm
 
Gender
 
Male
 
Leader of the
community
Provider
Farm normally
passed onto men
 
Female
 
Homemaker
Marry to be a
farmwife
 
 
Gender stands to be challenged by
modernisation and change in today's
world and becoming harder for
continuity to prevail especially in
regards to females.
 
Personal Reflection
 
What commonalities and differences
can you see between you and the
Amish in terms of Gender?
Use specific examples.
Complete this on the Personal
Reflection worksheet
 
Hmmm
 
Communication
 
Interaction and communication occurs
in the family first and foremost then
through the church providing
community activities as an opportunity
to communicate with other.
 
 
   
Amish are bilingual
German – used at church
Dutch/German – create a dialect for
everyday conversation
English – children learn it and talk with
nonAmish in English.
 
Personal Reflection
 
What commonalities and differences
can you see between you and the
Amish in terms of Communication?
Use specific examples.
Complete this on the Personal
Reflection worksheet
 
Hmmm
 
Power and Authority
 
Authority
Bishops are
influential, main link
to the ordnung &
God
Council of Elders
hold authority, this
authority is rarely
challenged
 
Power
Male head of family
– powerful position
of organisation,
experience and
effective running of
the family farm
business
 
Bible major source of power and authority
 
Personal Reflection
 
What commonalities and differences
can you see between you and the
Amish in terms of Power and
Authority?
Use specific examples.
Complete this on the Personal
Reflection worksheet
 
Hmmm
 
Glossary of Amish Words to
use
 
The English – (nonAmish)
Rumschpringes
Ordnung
Anabaptists
Shunning
 
Your turn to think
 
    
Writing Task
What are the most significant
differences between your life and that
experienced by a typical Amish
adolescent?
Use your Personal Reflection sheet
and notes taken during the case study
to answer this question
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Cross-cultural studies involving the Amish explore their origins as descendants of 16th-century Anabaptists, their unique religious beliefs, and customs. Learn about the importance of avoiding ethnocentrism and making generalizations when studying different cultures. Delve into the Amish community's historical journey and the principles that guide their way of life.


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  1. Cross Cultural Comparison The Amish

  2. What is a Cross-Cultural study? Cross-cultural studies are an important part of Society and Culture. They require you to examine a topic from a different perspective from your own. They help you to look beyond your own cultural biases when conducting research.

  3. Rules of a Cross Cultural Comparison Consider how their lives are similar and different to yours. Don t make value judgements on whether their experiences are better or worse than yours Avoid ethnocentrism The belief that one s own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

  4. Generalisations broad conclusions that cover information about the majority of a group rather than detailing specific variations within groups - may be made. Generalisations are valuable in case studies for the purpose of broad comparisons but any conclusions drawn may not apply to all Amish people.

  5. buggy_clipart The Amish - Origins The Amish people are direct descendants of the Anabaptists of sixteenth century Europe. Anabaptism is a religion that came about during the reformation era. During sixteenth century Europe, people were changing their ideas about religion. Prior to this time, Europe was traditionally united in "One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church". However this "One Church" did much more than regulate people's spiritual needs. It was highly connected with the state and politics, and during the Reformation, people began to take a stand against the Church. After 1517, the Roman Catholic Church began to lose much of its political and moral authority, and at this time, reformers such as Martin Luther stepped in and made changes to Church structure and doctrine

  6. buggy_clipart The term Anabaptist first started out as a nickname that meant "rebaptizer", because this group rejected the idea of infant baptism. They said that because an infant does not have the knowledge of good and evil, it can not have sin. The Anabaptists were seen as a threat to Europe's religious and social institutions and were therefore persecuted. As a result of this persecution, Anabaptists emigrated to find refuge in places such as Moravia, Alsace, Palatinate, and the Netherlands. http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/amis h.html

  7. The Amish movement was founded in Europe by Jacob Amman (~1644 to ~1720 CE), from whom their name is derived. In many ways, it started as a reform group within the Mennonite movement -- an attempt to restore some of the early practices of the Mennonites. http://www.religioustolerance.org/amish.htm

  8. Where Amish communities are located in the USA today Question: How many countries do the Amish live in today? Answer: The Amish live in 24 states of the United States (Ohio, Pennsylvania, Indiana, New York, Maine, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, West Virginia, North Carolina, Florida, Texas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Montana and Washington) and the Province of Ontario, Canada) Data provided by THE BUDGET and Courtesy of America's Amish Country II.

  9. us

  10. Interaction between culture and religion There is a close reciprocal relationship between the areas of religion and culture. Religion is profoundly influenced by its cultural context because religion cannot be expressed other than through a particular cultural setting and context. http://pittsburgh.about.com/cs/pennsylvania/a/amish_2.htm http://www.800padutch.com/amishpeople.shtml

  11. Ordnung Electricity and telephones are not connected to Amish houses because they are considered worldly Amish will not own cars Amish travel in horse drawn buggies Education is completed in Year 8 Breaking of rules may result in shunning

  12. Modernisation http://www.amish- heartland.com/?pathToFile=%2F%2Fa rticles%2F- Amish+Culture%2F&file=World+Aroun d+Them.txt&article=1

  13. Family Web links to information on Amish Weddings http://www.windycreek.com/Brian/amish-cultural- dynamics.html http://www.800padutch.com/amishweddings.shtml http://www.amish- heartland.com/?pathToFile=%2F%2Farticles%2F- Amish+Culture%2F&file=amishweddings.txt&article=1

  14. Gender Roles Father head of family Unmarried women can work Married women work within the family Older males educate young boys Farming and working with wood and leather Older women educate young girls Homemaking skills and business skills Working children give all pay to their father to support the family Family all live close to each other

  15. Personal Reflection What commonalities and differences can you see between you and the Amish in terms of Family? Use specific examples. Complete this on the Personal Reflection worksheet Hmmm

  16. Roles and Status Status for the Amish is not like in Western societies but there is a hierarchy of leaders, it s commonly based on Religion. Males provide leadership Council of Elders Church Bishop Established leader of community Church ministers and deacons support them

  17. Adolescents can experiment with the world of the English (nonAmish) before committing to Amish life. This time is known as Rumschpringes amishpool

  18. Your turn to think What positives do you see coming out of such a time out period for Amish adolescents and what challenges do you see them having to face as a result of time out ? How is cultural continuity of the Amish threatened by Rumschpringes?

  19. Personal Reflection What commonalities and differences can you see between you and the Amish in terms of Roles and Status? Use specific examples. Complete this on the Personal Reflection worksheet Hmmm

  20. Conflict, cooperation and decision making Society is based on cooperation. All accept the ordnung therefore common set of values for all. In the community people accept authority of God and bishops, ministers and deacons In the family children accept parental authority. Ultimately all must be personally responsible. Shunning of people who break baptismal vows often occurs.

  21. Barn raising shows cooperation Anabaptists

  22. Amish tend not to see much of the media but with modernisation, conflict with the media begins to occur Amish Kids in a Buggy http://www.800padutch.com/amishshooting.shtml IMAGE: AMISH MEN

  23. Personal Reflection What commonalities and differences can you see between you and the Amish in terms of conflict, cooperation and decision making? Use specific examples. Complete this on the Personal Reflection worksheet Hmmm

  24. Gender Male Female Leader of the community Provider Farm normally passed onto men Homemaker Marry to be a farmwife hats

  25. Gender stands to be challenged by modernisation and change in today's world and becoming harder for continuity to prevail especially in regards to females. Voice%20of%20Women

  26. Personal Reflection What commonalities and differences can you see between you and the Amish in terms of Gender? Use specific examples. Complete this on the Personal Reflection worksheet Hmmm

  27. Communication Interaction and communication occurs in the family first and foremost then through the church providing community activities as an opportunity to communicate with other.

  28. Amish are bilingual German used at church Dutch/German create a dialect for everyday conversation English children learn it and talk with nonAmish in English.

  29. Personal Reflection What commonalities and differences can you see between you and the Amish in terms of Communication? Use specific examples. Complete this on the Personal Reflection worksheet Hmmm

  30. Power and Authority Authority Power Bishops are influential, main link to the ordnung & God Council of Elders hold authority, this authority is rarely challenged Male head of family powerful position of organisation, experience and effective running of the family farm business Bible major source of power and authority

  31. Personal Reflection What commonalities and differences can you see between you and the Amish in terms of Power and Authority? Use specific examples. Complete this on the Personal Reflection worksheet Hmmm

  32. Glossary of Amish Words to use The English (nonAmish) Rumschpringes Ordnung Anabaptists Shunning

  33. Your turn to think Writing Task What are the most significant differences between your life and that experienced by a typical Amish adolescent? Use your Personal Reflection sheet and notes taken during the case study to answer this question dancing 2

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