Challenges and Threats in E-Commerce: Ghana's Perspective
E-commerce in Ghana faces significant barriers including technical, financial, logistical, human, and policy/regulatory factors. Cyber threats are rampant, with Ghana being vulnerable to internet fraud and cyber-crime. The country struggles with a lack of infrastructure, financial investment, literacy, and clear regulatory frameworks, making it challenging to leverage the potential of E-commerce. Security concerns, privacy threats, and fraudulent activities pose risks to individuals and businesses engaging in online transactions.
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Mobile Technology Mobile Technology & Cyber Threats & Cyber Threats Promoting Promoting E E- -Commerce in Ghana Commerce in Ghana Ruby Saakor Tetteh Ministry of Trade & Industry, Ghana Sixth Annual African Dialogue Consumer Protection Conference September 2014 Lilongwe, Malawi
Definition & Policy Perspective E-commerce is the use of the internet for marketing, identification, delivery of goods and services Ayo, Adewoye and Oni 2011 Policy Context Imperative to establish a legal framework on consumer protection electronic commerce Consumer concerns about shopping online and by other electronic means due to security, confidentiality and redress payment and policy in light of
Barriers To E-commerce 1. Technical Factors Poor ICT Infrastructure telecommunications-related services; Problems with communications, skills and computing technology; 2. Financial Factors Lack of investment capital; Electronic payment systems - online payment using credit cards, store cards, debit cards etc; & costs of access such as
Barriers To E-commerce Cont. 3. Logistical Factors Complex, long winding and non-transparent customs clearance procedures; Complex and slow business registration procedures. 4. Human Factors Illiteracy & Non-availability of trained people; Lack of policy research capacity in the public, private and academic sectors; Potential threats to the privacy of personal and business data; 5. Policy and Regulatory Factors A slow realization of the explosive potential of E-Commerce on the part of governments; Lack of a clear, internationally agreed, regulatory framework and clarity
Ghana Context Second most internet fraud prone country in Africa and 7th most cyber-crime prone in the world o Hacking of official & private websites o Abduction of teenagers and used to solicit sexual exploitation abroad About 82% of cyber-crimes occur in Ghana every month and about 1000 crimes a year International orders on the internet in Ghana and Nigeria have been blocked by businesses in the US and Canada Cyber attackers target computers of bank customers with high account balances and then roll out a customized version of already established maleware or virus to transfer large sums of money into mule accounts Banking sector employees are inserting key loggers on machines to pick up passwords in collaboration with external agents
Cyber Threats Fake anti-virus Stranded traveller Fake escrow Advanced fee fraud 419 Online banking fraud stealing passwords, account numbers and data Online Relationships Fraud
E-Commerce Challenges Unavailability of Internet Services Lack of Awareness of Consumers Fraud Online Inability to Afford Services Computer Illiteracy by citizens Lack of knowledge on value of the internet
Status of E-Commerce Online Transactions Mobile Money Bill Payment - cash, water, electricity, DSTV bills etc. Online Services Websites - tonaton.com, ghanatrade.gov.gh, lamudi.com.gh, etransact.com.gh, etc. Internet banking transactions - ATM Transactions Internet Data Services on Cell Phones SMS Text Services Indicative E-Government/E-Services/E-Business Transactions E-Governance Services E-Applications e-justice, e-immigration, e-procurement, e- payment, e-services, e-education, e-health GRA, RGD, Births & Deaths, Passports, etc.
Consumer Policy Prescriptions & Other Legislations Government will ensure that consumers are provided with clear and sufficient information to make an informed choice about how to purchase online and through other electronic means Government will support and encourage private-sector initiatives that include participation by consumer representatives and consumer protection pressure groups to be more vigilant and more effective to educate the population Government will ensure stronger collaboration between the public and the private sectors ICT Implementation Strategy, 2005 Electronic Communications Act 775, 2008 Electronic Transactions Act 772, 2008 Data Protection Act 843, 2012 for Accelerated Development Policy, 2003 &
Recommendations Establish public authenticate transactions by using digital signatures, encryption & security measures for online transactions Establish secure and systems Effective stakeholder collaboration between policy makers & law enforcement agencies Create consumer awareness on e-commerce and benefits key infrastructure to effective payment
