Understanding Fixed Action Patterns in Animal Behavior
Fixed action patterns are innate, stereotyped behaviors triggered by specific stimuli in animals. These behaviors are evolutionarily advantageous, occurring independently of individual experience. Examples include male sticklebacks displaying aggression during breeding and geese instinctively tending to eggs. Explore the characteristics and significance of fixed action patterns in animal behavior.
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FIXED ACTION PATTERNS FIXED ACTION PATTERNS NAME TUBA SAHER NAME TAKREEM ZAHID
FIXED ACTION PATTERN Fixed action patterns are said to be produced by the innate releasing mechanism, a "hard- wired" neural network, in response to a sign stimulus or releaser Once released, a fixed action pattern runs to completion
Fixed evolutionarily advantageous, as they increase both fitness and speed action patterns have been shown to be Characteristics Stereotyped: Fixed action patterns occur in rigid, predictable, and highly structured sequences Complex: Fixed action patterns are not a simple reflex. They are a complex pattern of behaviour
Species-characteristic: Fixed action patterns occur in all members of a species of a certain sex and/or a given age Released: Fixed action patterns occur in response to a certain sign stimulus or releaser Triggered: Once released, a fixed action pattern continues to completion Independent of experience: A fixed action pattern is not learned
Sign stimulus Sign stimulus A FAP is a series of action triggered by a cue sometime called the key stimulus It is triggered by a sensory environmental stimulus called a sign stimulus. The a releaser, is the determining feature of a stimulus that produces a response term sign stimulus also known as
EXAMPLE Three-spined stickleback, a small fresh water fish, During the breeding season male develop a red belly and display innate aggressive behavior towards the other males. .
OTHER EXAMPLE Fixed action pattern also occur in ground- nesting water birds, like graylag geese . If a female graylag goose s egg rolls out of her nest , she will instinctively use her bill to push the egg back in to the nest in a series of very predictable movements . If the egg that rolls out of the nest is picked up and taken away , the goose will keep moving her head as though pushing an imaginary egg
