Enhancing the Next Conference for the Amendment to the CPPNM

Sarah Case Lackner, Ph.D., discusses strategies to improve the upcoming Conference for the Amendment to the CPPNM. Recommendations include increasing implementation discussions, involving NGOs, and utilizing regional approaches. The goal is to enhance the impact and outcomes of the conference for a more successful future.

• Conference
• CPPNM
• Implementation
• Recommendations
• Strategies

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1. Next Steps for the Amendment to the CPPNM How the next Conference can be even better than the last Sarah Case Lackner, Ph.D. ICONS 2024, Vienna Austria 21-25 May 2024

2. Contents 1. Introduction: the last and next Conference 2. Increasing discussion on implementation 3. Using this discussion to strengthen outcomes 4. Strengthening the impact of the Conference into the future 5. Recommendations Next Steps for the Amendment to the CPPNM 22 May2024 2

3. Introduction: the last and next Conference Amendment to the CPPNM (A/CPPNM) adopted in July 2005, entry into force May 2016 Article 16.1: 5 years after entry into force - Conference to review adequacy of Convention Article 16.2: Additional conferences can be called at request of majority of Parties, at intervals of not less than five years 2022 Conference of the Parties to the A/CPPNM: 28 March 1 April 2022 concluded with announcement by the IAEA Secretariat: Majority of Parties requested a second Conference Likely to take place in 2027 or 2028 next 3-4 years are an opportunity to reflect How to go about making the second Conference even more successful than the first? Next Steps for the Amendment to the CPPNM 22 May 2024 3

4. Increasing discussion on implementation (1/2) Objective of the Conference of the Parties to the A/CPPNM: to review the adequacy of the CPPNM as Amended, NOT its implementation by Parties Substantive discussion among Parties on implementation still needed Allows Parties to gain a global view of the implementation of the Convention Provides context for a judgment on its adequacy Due to need to settle organizational issues, little bandwidth at 2022 Conference for implementation discussions This need not be the case at the next Conference Next Steps for the Amendment to the CPPNM 22 May 2024 4

5. Increasing discussion on implementation (2/2) Some ways to strengthen discussion of implementation: Taking a regional approach, particularly to the preparations Expanding the role of NGOs in the preparatory process Seeking input from the yearly IAEA POC meetings Encouraging further discussion in the preparations on the currently prevailing situation and emerging technologies Next Steps for the Amendment to the CPPNM 22 May 2024 5

6. Using implementation discussions to strengthen outcomes Little appetite for an Amendment does not mean that no action to strengthen the CPPNM as Amended can come from next Conference Judging that the Convention is adequate does not exclude a statement or recommendations for further action to ensure robust implementation Example: 1992 CPPNM Review Conference called for a revision of INFCIRC/225 A substantive technical discussion of implementation would help Parties identify and define this need for further action Could be recommendations for actions on the part of the Parties or the IAEA Secretariat Next Steps for the Amendment to the CPPNM 22 May 2024 6

7. Strengthening the impact of the Conference into the future For the continued health and progress of the international nuclear security regime, the impact of the next Conference (and any into the future) should be maximized, for example by: Regularizing the convening of Conferences under Article 16.1 Could help to address unexpected challenges from emerging technologies and a possible expansion of nuclear Will require dedicated resources from IAEA but could be convened less frequently than every 5-6 years Preparing guidelines for the preparation process for future Conferences Could address, for example, planning, organization and structure of future Conferences If additional Conferences are convened, could reduce effort devoted to logistical and organizational matters Working together to prioritise universalisation of the CPPNM and its Amendment To achieve universal adherence, continuing outreach will be essential, by IAEA, other IGOs, NGOs and by Parties Coordination among these efforts will be essential and best led by the IAEA, given its central role in nuclear security Next Steps for the Amendment to the CPPNM 22 May 2024 7

8. Recommendations Encourage more substantive discussion on implementation of the CPPNM as Amended in the preparations for and during the next Conference, including by introducing regional consultations into the preparations, including NGOs in some discussions during the preparations for the Conference and discussing the impact of emerging technologies on implementation of the CPPNM as Amended Use this discussion on implementation of the CPPNM as Amended to strengthen the Conference outcomes Sustain the impact of the 2022 Conference and the upcoming Conference into the future, including by convening future Conferences at regular intervals, and continuing efforts by IAEA as well as NGOs, other IGOs and individual Parties towards universalization of the CPPNM and its Amendment. Next Steps for the Amendment to the CPPNM 22 May 2024 8

9. Thank you Sarah Case Lackner, Ph.D. Senior Fellow scaselackner@vcdnp.org @scaselackner vcdnp.org